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181.
R.A. Jacques J.G. Santos C. Dariva J. Vladimir Oliveira E.B. Caramo 《The Journal of Supercritical Fluids》2007,40(3):354-359
This work presents a study concerning the chemical characteristics and analytical separation process of the essential oil obtained from high-pressure carbon dioxide extraction of Ilex paraguariensis. The experiments were performed in a laboratory-scale unit in the temperature range of 20–40 °C, from 100 to 250 bar. A blend of the I. paraguariensis extracts was percolated through a preparative chromatographic column, containing silica gel, and successively eluted with 150 mL of each of the following solvents: hexane, toluene, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, acetone and methanol. The raw extract and its fractions were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry detection (GC/MS). The fractionation procedure showed to be a good clean up technique due to the isolation of different classes of compounds in each fraction. Chromatographic analyses allowed the identification of caffeine, fatty acids and esters, phytol, squalene, Vitamin E, stigmasterol derivatives and saturated hydrocarbons. 相似文献
182.
183.
山西省万家寨引黄工程北干线输水管线大部分地段通过黄土地区,黄土地基的湿陷性已成为主要的工程地质问题。在湿陷性黄土地区进行工程建设,应查明黄土的工程特性,湿陷性质、厚度、成因及其分布变化,确定场地湿陷类型和地基湿陷等级,并按工程设计的特性需求,进行地基处理等研究是十分必要的。 相似文献
184.
雁木西油田所产天然气在吐哈盆地有一定的特殊性,主要表现为含有一定量的硫化氢气体,部分样品的氮气含量高、甲烷含量低、烃类碳同位素值较重,并且重烃碳同位素值发生了倒转。探讨这些特殊性有助于全面认识吐哈盆地的天然气来源、成因与分布规律等,为此在天然气地球化学特征分析的基础上,结合具体的地质条件对天然气的来源、成因进行了系统地分析并取得了如下认识:①雁木西油田的原油溶解气分布在鄯善群和白垩系油藏中,成因上为腐殖型天然气,由烃类和非烃类组成;②烃类气体由甲烷和重烃组成,不同组分的含量与干燥系数均在较宽的范围内变化,但都表现为湿气特征;③非烃类气体主要由N2、H2S、CO2等组成,其中CO2含量普遍较低;④烃类气体、部分非烃气体及其伴生的原油主要来自侏罗系烃源岩,部分高含量的氮气为大气来源,硫化氢与深部石炭系海相碳酸盐岩有关;⑤部分天然气遭受了次生变化,烃类碳同位素值偏重、重烃碳同位素值倒转均与细菌的生物降解作用有关。 相似文献
185.
Optimal Locations of Groundwater Extractions in Coastal Aquifers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A regional water supply management model for coastal aquifers was developed. One of its outcomes is the definition of the
optimized locations for groundwater withdrawal. Such a tool permits the analysis of alternative plans for groundwater extraction
and the sustainable use of water resources in a coastal aquifer subject to saltwater intrusion. The principal components are
the evolutionary optimization and the analytical/numerical simulation models. The optimization technique looks for the best
well locations taking into consideration the economic results and the satisfaction of the societal water demand. However these
two concerns are conditioned by trying to control the saltwater intrusion, i.e., preserving the environmental equilibrium.
The simulation model uses the governing mathematical equations for groundwater movement to find the interface between freshwater
and saltwater. Because of the non-linearity in the system and the possibility of a jumping interface, a security distance
was defined. This is a controlling variable which can be set by the decision makers. The model was applied to a typical case
with interesting results. For example, diagrams showing the relationship between the location of the wells and the security
distance(s) are of importance to the managers. It was also crucial to have an understanding of the tradeoffs between groundwater
withdrawals, positions of the wells from the coast line, and the security distance. The model was also applied to a real case
in order to relate the extractions, distances and artificial recharge (not presented in this paper). 相似文献
186.
Participants' usage of informational variables in learning visual relative-mass discrimination in collisions was tracked by means of PROBIT correlations. Four groups received feedback that was true or accorded with either of three nonspecificational cue variables. A majority in each group adopted the feedback, but several participants defied the false feedback. Unlike in previous research, the fit to data of the relative-mass invariant could not be bettered by post hoc linear combinations of the cues. Discriminability was lower in the use of the invariant. Analytic complexity was rejected as an explanation for discriminability differences. A "smart mechanism" for pickup of the relative-mass invariant was developed as an extension of G. Johansson's (1950/1994) vector model. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
187.
In this paper, we propose an approach that combines the unsupervised and supervised learning techniques for unconstrained
handwritten numeral recognition. This approach uses the Kohonen self-organizing neural network for data classification in
the first stage and the learning vector quantization (LVQ) model in the second stage to improve classification accuracy. The
combined architecture performs better than the Kohonen self-organizing map alone. In the proposed approach, the collection
of centroids at different phases of training plays a vital role in the performance of the recognition system. Four experiments
have been conducted and experimental results show that the collection of centroids in the middle of the training gives high
performance in terms of speed and accuracy. The systems developed also resolve the confusion between handwritten numerals. 相似文献
188.
栅氧化层TDDB可靠性评价试验及模型参数提取 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
采用恒定电压和恒定电流试验方法对20nm栅氧化层进行了TDDB可靠性评价试验,并完成了1/E模型参数提取,给出了恒定电流应力下描述氧化层TDDB退化的统计模型,较好地解释了试验结果。 相似文献
189.
铜萃取剂BK992和LIX984的性能研究 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:10
研究羟肟类铜萃取剂的结构与性能的关系。试验研究了铜萃取剂BK992和LIX984的对比萃取及混合萃取性能指标 ,试验表明BK992与LIX984的使用性能相当 ,两种铜萃取剂相互混合不影响使用性能指标。 相似文献
190.