一种L~E波段的A型上电极MEMS单刀三掷开关设计

针对单刀多掷开关(SPMT)在相控阵雷达、宽带收发器中用于切换滤波器和传输线时需要满足宽频带、高隔离度的性能需求,设计了一种宽频带、高隔离度的MEMS单刀三掷开关(SP3T)。通过ANSYS电磁仿真软件中的HFSS模块对MEMS SP3T开关进行优化,利用COMSOL软件对上电极的机械性能进行仿真。仿真结果表明,所设计的MEMS SP3T开关可工作在1~90 GHz的频带内,且插入损耗小于1 dB@90 GHz,隔离度大于35 dB@90 GHz,其整体体积约为0.75 mm³。     

Review of Broadband Metamaterial Absorbers: From Principles,Design Strategies,and Tunable Properties to Functional Applications

Metamaterial absorbers have been widely studied and continuously concerned owing to their excellent resonance features of ultra-thin thickness, light-weight, and high absorbance. Their applications, however, are typically restricted by the intrinsic dispersion of materials and strong resonant features of patterned arrays (mainly referring to narrow absorption bandwidth). It is, therefore essential to reassert the principles of building broadband metamaterial absorbers (BMAs). Herein, the research progress of BMAs from principles, design strategies, tunable properties to functional applications are comprehensively and deeply summarized. Physical principles behind broadband absorption are briefly discussed, typical design strategies in realizing broadband absorption are further emphasized, such as top-down lithography, bottom-up self-assembly, and emerging 3D printing technology. Diversified active components choices, including optical response, temperature response, electrical response, magnetic response, mechanical response, and multi-parameter responses, are reviewed in achieving dynamically tuned broadband absorption. Following this, the achievements of various interdisciplinary applications for BMAs in energy-harvesting, photodetectors, radar-IR dual stealth, bolometers, noise absorbing, imaging, and fabric wearable are summarized. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for future development of BMAs are discussed.     

一种具有宽带双极化低散射特征的微带阵列天线

针对阵列天线宽带散射缩减设计进行研究,设计了一种基于无源对消技术的低散射阵列天线,该新型微带阵列天线在宽频带内具有双极化低雷达散射截面（RCS, Radar Cross Section）性能;对基于两种散射性能不同的单元组成阵列的RCS性能进行了理论研究,进行了单元的散射幅度和相位对阵列RCS的影响分析;提出了一种加载T型缝隙的新型微带天线结构,该单元结构的辐射性能与散射性能能够进行独立调控和综合优化,该单元与传统微带贴片单元具有相似的辐射特性,并可在宽频带（带内和带外）内与传统微带单元产生有效相位差;将传统微带单元和加载T型缝隙的新型微带单元组成4×4阵列天线,仿真结果表明,提出的阵列天线在3GHz～7GHz（相对带宽80%）频带内实现了同极化RCS缩减,在3.3GHz～7GHz（相对带宽71.8%）频带内实现了交叉极化RCS缩减,缩减峰值分别为16.3dB和36.3dB,带内RCS缩减均值分别为14.1dB 和17.6dB;与传统微带阵列天线相比,提出的阵列天线增益下降小于0.1dB;提出的微带阵列天线具有高效率辐射和宽频带双极化低散射性能,为低散射阵列天线设计提供了新的思路。     

采用固定时间观测器的翼伞控制方法与应用

针对翼伞–火箭一子级柔性结构系统的控制难题,提出了一种采用固定时间观测器的改进矢量场轨迹跟踪控制方法.首先,设计了在线风场估计方法对未知风场进行了估计;其次,为了保证该控制系统在气动参数不确定、子系统铰连耦合等因素影响下的快速稳定性,提出了一种固定时间干扰观测器用来估计无需知道干扰上边界的复合干扰,并用于补偿控制系统的输入;然后,设计了一个同时保证侧偏距、偏航角以及偏航角速率稳定的横侧向控制器,并利用Lyapunov理论证明了闭环翼伞控制系统的收敛特性.最后,通过数值仿真及硬件在环实验验证了所提出方法的有效性及应用价值.     

基于LM法的换流站关键设备宽频建模方法研究

直流输电系统换流站存在多种产生或传输谐波的电气设备,建立适用于仿真研究的换流站宽频模型十分重要。传统建模方法较为复杂,且不适用于低阶等效模型。因此,基于元件物理模型和阻抗特性,利用列文伯格-马夸尔特算法求解宽频模型参数、拟合阻抗特性曲线,并简化了宽频模型。然后据此建立了晶闸管、平波电抗器和换流变压器等换流站关键设备的宽频模型,验证了该方法的正确性。最后,将元件宽频模型等效电路应用于仿真模型,仿真对比表明宽频模型相比于理想模型,5次谐波幅值减小约基波的1.7%~1.8%,并且简化宽频模型可以加快仿真速度。     

基于TDOA和SDOA的宽带辐射源双机无源定位算法

针对双无人机无源雷达对宽带辐射源目标的直接无源定位(DPD)初始值敏感,提出一种基于小生境拓扑结构改进矢量粒子群算法(NTVIPSO)的直接无源定位算法。本文算法将直接法和间接法结合起来,依靠间接法中尺度差参数构造约束条件,利用小生境矢量粒子群求解得到精确的位置。仿真结果表明本文粒子群算法优于矢量粒子群算法和邻域拓扑结构粒子群算法。提出的存在扰动情况下尺度差约束条件下的直接无源定算法精确度低于直接法,但优于间接法;计算复杂度低于直接法,大于间接法。     

透明吸波体综述北大核心CSCD

吸波体是一种带有损耗特性的周期结构,能够吸收电磁波,将电磁能转化为热能,降低反射的电磁波能量。随着应用场景的特殊化,吸波体朝着特殊领域、特定功能、更具针对性的方向发展。由于各类含有光学窗口的应用环境对抗电磁干扰需求的不断提高,吸波体光学透明化成为研究的重点方向。为了对透明吸波体的发展状况有系统的认识,文章以制造材料为脉络梳理了近年来可见光透明吸波体的研究现状,包括氧化铟锡(ITO)、金属网栅、石墨烯等,综述了以它们为材料制备的透明吸波体优缺点以及发展趋势,最后对透明吸波体的未来发展进行了展望。     

高速列车受电弓气动噪声分析与空腔降噪研究

随着高速列车运行速度的不断提高,受电弓气动噪声也愈加严重。针对这一问题,文中采用LES大涡模拟、边界层噪声源模型和FW-H声类比法,通过建立某型号受电弓局部1:1气动噪声分析模型进行数值模拟。文中研究了受电弓各部位的气动噪声贡献量,还探究了针对较大噪声位置空腔采用射流降噪方法的降噪效果。结果表明,当网格总数为4 323万个时,数值模拟精确度满足要求。受电弓空腔上游和空腔中部绝缘子是气动噪声的主要来源。在射流降噪前后,空腔内部气动噪声均为宽频带噪声,主要能量集中在0~4 500 Hz。对250 km·h^-1行驶速度下的空腔进行主动射流降噪,距列车25 m远处的垂向监测点声压级最小值为81.65 dB,比降噪前降低了2.64 dB。     

Broadband Light Absorption and Efficient Charge Separation Using a Light Scattering Layer with Mixed Cavities for High‐Performance Perovskite Photovoltaic Cells with Stability

CH₃NH₃PbI₃ is one of the promising light sensitizers for perovskite photovoltaic cells, but a thick layer is required to enhance light absorption in the long‐wavelength regime ranging from PbI₂ absorption edge (500 nm) to its optical band‐gap edge (780 nm) in visible light. Meanwhile, the thick perovskite layer suppresses visible‐light absorption in the short wavelengths below 500 nm and charge extraction capability of electron–hole pairs produced upon light absorption. Herein, we find that a new light scattering layer with the mixed cavities of sizes in 100 and 200 nm between transparent fluorine‐doped tin oxide and mesoporous titanium dioxide electron transport layer enables full absorption of short‐wavelength photons (λ < 500 nm) to the perovskite along with enhanced absorption of long‐wavelength photons (500 nm < λ < 780 nm). Moreover, the light‐driven electric field is proven to allow efficient charge extraction upon light absorption, thereby leading to the increased photocurrent density as well as the fill factor prompted by the slow recombination rate. Additionally, the photocurrent density of the cell with a light scattering layer of mixed cavities is stabilized due to suppressed charge accumulation. Consequently, this work provides a new route to realize broadband light harvesting of visible light for high‐performance perovskite photovoltaic cells.