空冷汽轮发电机少胶VPI整浸工艺研究

简要地论述了少胶ＶＰＩ整浸技术的优点，所采用的主要绝缘材料及其性能要求。重点论述了少胶ＶＰＩ整浸工艺及定子样棒的实验结果分析。     

PIII技术在制备c-BN硬化层中的应用

采用一种新型的等离子体浸没式离子注入技术 (PIII)在渗硼后的 5 0Mn钢试样上制备出了厚度为 0 .15～ 0 .2mm的立方氮化硼 (c BN)表面硬化层。经X射线电子能谱 (XPS)和X射线衍射分析 (XRD) ,发现硬化层中的组织有立方氮化硼 (c BN)、六方氮化硼 (h BN)、B2 O3,FeB和Fe2 B。在表层 60nm的深度范围内 ,c BN的含量较高。采用球盘式无润滑滑动摩擦实验和维氏显微硬度实验分别对渗硼 PIII复合处理以及单独渗硼的 5 0Mn钢试样的性能进行了对比实验。结果表明 :与单独渗硼的试样相比 ,经渗硼 PIII复合处理的试样具有高得多的硬度 (高达HV0 .1N44GPa)和耐磨性     

Surface Alloying of Nitrogen to Improve Corrosion Resistance of Steels and Stainless Steels

It is well known that the addition of nitrogen to steels and stainless steels enhances the passivity and localized corrosion resistance, in addition to improving the mechanical properties. Selective alloying of surfaces of steels and stainless steels with nitrogen could also enhance the corrosion resistance and improve the mechanical properties without affecting the bulk properties. Techniques like ion implantation, laser alloying, nitriding, etc. can be effectively used to introduce very high levels of nitrogen. In addition, these techniques can also produce modified surfaces with novel microstructures to further improve the properties. The surface alloying methods also provide an opportunity to selectively nitrogenate the surface of finished components in order to obtain better properties. The review highlights the techniques, modifications and the properties obtained further.     

Modeling Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo Signals from a Flat-Bottom Hole in Immersion Testing Using a Multi-Gaussian Beam

This paper proposes an ultrasonic measurement model that can predict the pulse-echo signals from a flat-bottom hole in an isotropic, homogeneous solid specimen immersed in water in a computationally efficient manner. To develop such a model, a measurement model approach is adopted based on two important assumptions: the paraxial approximation for the transducer beam and the small flaw assumption for the flat-bottom hole. The modular model that results from these two assumptions contains three terms: a diffraction correction term, a far-field scattering amplitude term and a system efficiency factor term. The diffraction correction is defined based on a multi-Gaussian beam model which allows the rapid evaluation of the wave field incident on the hole. The far-field scattering amplitude of the flat-bottom hole is obtained using the Kirchhoff approximation together with the small flaw assumption. The system efficiency factor is determined by deconvolution of an experimental front surface reflection signal by a reference reflector model. Here, the contribution of each of these three terms to the overall measurement model are described in detail and the accuracy of the proposed model is verified by the comparison of the model-based predictions to experiments.     

Preparation of transmission electron microscopy cross-section specimens of crack tips using focused ion beam milling

The preparation of transmission electron microscope (TEM) thin foil specimens from metal alloys containing cracks is usually thwarted by the difficulty in preventing preferential erosion of material along the flanks and at the tips of cracks. Recent developments in focused ion beam (FIB) micromachining methods have the potential to overcome this inherent problem. In this article we describe the development of new procedures, one using FIB alone and the other using a combination of FIB with more conventional ion milling to generate TEM specimens that largely retain the microstructural information at stress corrosion cracks in austentic alloys. Examples of corrosion product phase identification and interfacial segregation are included to verify that detailed information is not destroyed by ion bombardment during specimen preparation.     

纳米晶工业纯铁及其Ni镀层的性能

为了探究基体材料纳米化对镀层性能的影响,采用直流电沉积方法在纳米晶工业纯铁和粗晶工业纯铁上制备了不同厚度的Ni镀层.利用扫描电子显微镜与X射线衍射仪观察并分析了镀层的组织形貌和结构.采用电化学测试和静态浸泡方法对基体和镀层进行了耐腐蚀性能研究.结果表明,纳米晶工业纯铁的基体及其Ni镀层的耐腐蚀性能略优于相同厚度下粗晶工业纯铁的基体及其Ni镀层,但随着镀层厚度的增加,这种差异逐渐减小.同时随着镀层厚度的增加,镀层表面越来越平整致密.     

基于小波系数Hu矩的生物组织损伤监测方法

提出了一种基于B超图像的小波系数Hu矩特征值并结合支持向量机监测生物组织损伤的方法。利用高强度聚焦超声(HIFU)对新鲜离体猪肉组织进行辐照,实时获取辐照前后的B超图像,并对其进行预处理获取减影图像。提取减影图像的Hu矩、小波系数均值和基于小波系数的Hu矩3个特征值,分别利用支持向量机对生物组织样本进行学习、分类处理。结果表明:小波系数Hu矩特征值比Hu矩和小波系数均值的总辨识率分别高出2.70%和2.05%,从而可以更有效地监测HIFU治疗中生物组织损伤情况。该方法可以帮助临床医生客观地监控HIFU治疗过程,对提高HIFU疗效有实际意义。     

FD模型的误差分析及性能改进

以宽带ＦＤ（ＦｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｙＤｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔ）模型为基础,讨论了该模型中源真实方位对方位估计性能的影响,指出源方位远离阵法线方向时,估计误差增大,分辨性能下降。通过分析空间协方差矩阵的特征结构,从数学上解释了此现象产生的原因,从而提出聚焦ＦＤ算法（ＦＦＤ：ＦｏｃｕｓｅｄＦｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｙＤｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔ）作为改进。理论与仿真证明了聚焦的有效性。     

炭纤维环氧复合材料腐蚀行为的研究

采用电化学测试、腐蚀失重测量和SEM表面微观分析等试验方法,研究了炭纤维环氧复合材料浸泡在腐蚀介质中,由于腐蚀介质的存在和作用,对炭纤维环氧复合材料腐蚀行为的影响;同时对偶接了LY12CZ铝合金的炭纤维环氧复合材料也进行了腐蚀浸泡对比试验.结果表明,炭纤维环氧复合材料在3.5%NaCl腐蚀介质中,由于氧扩散的作用,开路电位需要近10h才能达到平衡,其腐蚀电位较正,树脂及树脂与纤维界面对腐蚀介质的吸湿,导致复合材料本身腐蚀增重.浸泡1464h后炭纤维环氧复合材料的表面微观形貌变化不大;在同样的浸泡条件下,偶接了LY12CZ铝合金对炭纤维环氧复合材料的腐蚀行为基本没有影响.     

脉冲宽度对偏转电场法内表面等离子体浸没离子注入的影响

近年来 ,采用等离子体浸没离子注入 (PIII)对零部件内表面进行改性处理引起了各国研究工作者的广泛关注 .研究表明 ,提出的偏转电场法是进行内表面注入处理的有效方法 ,可以极大提高内表面注入的注入剂量和注入能量 .研究了采用偏转电场法注入时注入电压脉冲宽度对注入效果的影响 .结果表明 ,长注入脉宽可以提高内表面注入能量 ,但对注入剂量影响不大 ;脉冲宽度对注入峰值深度和注入剂量的分布有很大影响 ,长注入脉宽使注入峰值深度和注入剂量的最大值向筒内部移动 ;采用适当的不同宽度脉冲进行注入 ,可以改善注入均匀性 .