浸入式侧吹气流在熔池中的穿透行为

利用摄像和量纲分析的方法研究了渣罐水模型中浸入式侧吹气体的最大穿透行为,从而为提高气液间的反应速率及氧枪的布局等问题提供参考.研究表明,当喷枪直径一定时,气体的最大穿透深度随气流动量通量的增加而增大,当动量通量相同时,液体的黏度越大,气体的最大穿透深度越小.气体无量纲穿透深度的经验数学表达式计算结果与实测气体穿透深度基本相符.     

Ethanol‐responsive characteristics of polyethersulfone composite membranes blended with poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) nanogels

Ethanol‐responsive smart membranes with different microstructures are prepared from blends of polyethersulfone (PES) and poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) nanogels by immersion precipitation phase inversion method in a convenient and controllable manner. The introduction of PNIPAM nanogels forms the microporous structures on the surface of the top skin layer and on the pore walls of the finger‐like porous sublayer of membranes. The ethanol‐responsive characteristics of the proposed PES composite membranes are systematically investigated. With increasing ethanol concentration in the range from 0 to 15 wt %, the trans‐membrane flux of ethanol solution increases. The microstructures and the resultant ethanol‐responsive characteristics of the composite membranes can be regulated by the content of PNIPAM nanogels blended in the membranes. The more the content of PNIPAM nanogels blended in the membranes, the more the number of the submicron pores is, and thus the better the ethanol‐responsive characteristics of the composite membranes. The proposed ethanol‐responsive smart membranes are expected to be combined with the traditional pervaporation membranes as a smart vavle to achieve continuous and highly efficient ethanol production during the biological fermentation. The preparation technique and results in this study provide valuable guidance for further design and the industrial‐scale fabrication of novel composite membranes for application in ethanol separation systems. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 41032.     

Optimized silyl ester diblock methacrylic copolymers: A new class of binders for chemically active antifouling coatings

This work focuses on the assessment of the erosion properties and antifouling (AF) performance of silyl ester copolymer-based coatings through laboratory and field tests. Silyl ester diblock copolymers were synthesized via the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and were selected as binders for developing copper-free chemically active coatings. AF coatings were subsequently prepared using biocides (Sea-Nine™ 211, Preventol^® A4S, and zinc pyrithione). Laboratory-based bioassays, targeting the growth of selected microorganisms (bacteria and microalgae) and barnacle settlement, highlighted that the silyl ester methacrylic-based binders did not inhibit the growth of microorganisms, are essentially non-toxic to nauplii and reduced the settlement of Amphibalanus amphitrite cyprids. The corresponding biocidal coatings are potent toward bacteria and diatoms but were demonstrated to be toxic against the barnacle larvae. Field test results showed variations with geographical locations: in sub-tropical area, the silyl ester methacrylic-based coatings failed to inhibit the settlement of barnacles; however, field tests performed in Mediterranean Sea for 18 months demonstrated that biocidal silyl ester methacrylic-based coatings were promising candidates.     

193 nm ArF浸没式光刻技术PK EUV光刻技术

2006年11月英特尔决定采用193nm ArF浸没式光刻技术研发32nm工艺。2007年2月IBM决定在22nm节点上抛弃EUV光刻技术,采用193nm ArF浸没式光刻技术。对于32nm/22nm工艺,193nm ArF浸没式光刻技术优于EUV光刻技术,并将成为主流光刻技术。     

钼碚砂氨浸过程中钾的释放行为与控制研究

低钾钼产品在电子、医疗等领域具有广泛的应用前景,而氨浸对低钾钼产品的生产具有十分重要的影响。为了更好地控制氨浸过程中钾的释放量以减少后续工艺中的降钾压力,通过对钼焙砂氨浸过程中的释钾影响因素进行了单因素模拟实验,分析了钾元素的释放规律,并给出了其动力学模型和控制方法。结果表明,温度、固液比、钼焙砂粒度等对钾元素的释放具有较大的影响,最佳的氨浸条件为：温度30℃、固液比1∶3,钼焙砂粒径范围150～178μm,氨水浓度20%。此外,Ca元素更利于氨浸过程除钾,而Na元素不利于氨浸过程除钾。熟石灰对水洗除钾有一定作用,碳酸钠对水洗除钾的效果并不明显,故在钼焙砂水洗过程中加入熟石灰有利于低钾钼酸铵的生产。钼焙砂氨浸过程前期释钾速度较快,后期速度变慢,得到Avrami方程可以较好地模拟氨浸前期和后期的释钾过程,确定了氨浸过程的动力学方程。     

Effect of Additives on Melting Point of LATS Refining Ladle Slag

  To avoid slag sticking on the ladle immersion cover during the LATS refining and alloying process, the effect of Al2O3 on the melting point of the ladle slag was studied and the additives including CaF2, B2O3, Li2O, and CaO were used to decrease the melting point of the ladle slag. The melting point was measured using the hemisphere method. The results show that the addition of Al2O3 to the ladle slag increases the melting point. The fluxing action is not remarkable if only CaF2 or CaO is used as the additive. The fluxing action of the composite additive obtained by the mixing of CaO and CaF2 in the mass proportion of wCaO∶wCaF2=2∶1 is preferred. The fluxing action of B2O3 is also notable. When the B2O3 content in mass percent is in the range from 2% to 10%, the corresponding melting point is 1 380 ℃ to 1 290 ℃. The fluxing action of Li2O is the most remarkable. When the Li2O content is up to 5%, the melting point of the slag is lower than 1 300 ℃.     

化学气相反应法制备Zr-Si-C涂层

为了提高Zr-Si-C涂层与基体的结合强度,基于粉末埋入反应辅助涂覆工艺,采用新型化学气相反应法在SiC陶瓷表面制备Zr-Si-C涂层.SiC陶瓷基片被包埋于Zr-1%(质量分数)I2混合粉体中,在850～1 100 ℃进行化学气相反应.碘促进Zr原子向SiC陶瓷表面的传输,Zr与SiC之间的扩散反应导致在SiC表面生成连续的Zr-Si-C复合涂层.采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜结合X射线能谱分析以及相图分析确定了涂层微结构及相组成.结果表明:复合涂层内层为ZrC、中间层为Zr2Si-ZrC1-x复相区、外层为ZrC1-x.通过测量涂层厚度研究了涂层的生长动力学,在850～1 100 ℃范围内,涂层生长符合抛物线规律,活化能为(210±20)kJ/mol.     

静电纺PLA微/纳米纤维膜的浸润性能研究

采用静电纺丝技术制备聚乳酸(PLA)微/纳米纤维膜,研究了其可纺性、浸润性能及结构。结果表明:以二氯甲烷为溶剂的PLA电纺丝溶液,当PLA质量分数为7%时,可纺出纤维直径为280～690 nm的PLA微/纳米纤维膜。PLA微/纳米纤维膜与水的接触角为127.6°,高于PLA流延膜与水的接触角107.7°;红外光谱分析表明,PLA微/纳米纤维膜的分子组成没有发生变化;X光电子能谱测试表明PLA微/纳米纤维膜的表面碳氧含量比高于PLA流延膜,PLA微/纳米纤维膜的疏水性得到提高。     

水口浸入深度对CSP结晶器内流场的影响

为了解决高拉速生产条件下CSP板坯表面质量问题,利用数值计算软件FLUENT针对某厂CSP连铸机水口插入深度对结晶器流场及液面波动的影响进行了数值模拟研究。研究结果表明,不同的水口浸入深度结晶器内流场基本相同,增加水口浸入深度对结晶器流场影响不明显,水口浸入深度的大小直接决定了从水口流出的流股撞击结晶器窄面位置的高低,同时得出,当水口浸入深度从300、340增大到380 mm时,液面处最大流速分别为0.180、0.160和0.127 m/s;增大水口浸入深度,结晶器上回流对结晶器液面的扰动将减弱,对应的卷渣次数减少。