宝鸡市千河下游段人工湖蓄水后对地质环境的影响分析

宝鸡市千河干流下游段防洪暨生态治理工程是通过修建两岸堤防及橡胶坝,来保证工程区防洪安全,减免河道冲刷,并形成水面景观.通过对人工湖的工程地质条件的分析,评价了蓄水后可能产生的渗漏、浸没问题.     

盐渍土浸水溶陷对路基施工的影响

选取察尔汗至格尔木高速公路路段沿线的盐渍土为研究对象,运用室内单轴压缩试验,利用单线单点法模拟现场浸水后施工特征,对该土在浸水情况下溶陷特性进行模拟试验研究。对比分析模拟试验结果与常规试验结果,发现模拟试验中土样的溶陷量较之常规试验更大,土体结构性破坏更加严重,说明在高含盐量的盐渍土地区,盐渍土浸水后会加剧路基的溶陷,为施工带来极其不利的影响。本文成果可为盐渍土地区的公路设计和施工提供有益参考。更多还原     

193 nm ArF浸没式光刻技术PK EUV光刻技术

2006年11月英特尔决定采用193nm ArF浸没式光刻技术研发32nm工艺。2007年2月IBM决定在22nm节点上抛弃EUV光刻技术,采用193nm ArF浸没式光刻技术。对于32nm/22nm工艺,193nm ArF浸没式光刻技术优于EUV光刻技术,并将成为主流光刻技术。     

钼碚砂氨浸过程中钾的释放行为与控制研究

低钾钼产品在电子、医疗等领域具有广泛的应用前景,而氨浸对低钾钼产品的生产具有十分重要的影响。为了更好地控制氨浸过程中钾的释放量以减少后续工艺中的降钾压力,通过对钼焙砂氨浸过程中的释钾影响因素进行了单因素模拟实验,分析了钾元素的释放规律,并给出了其动力学模型和控制方法。结果表明,温度、固液比、钼焙砂粒度等对钾元素的释放具有较大的影响,最佳的氨浸条件为：温度30℃、固液比1∶3,钼焙砂粒径范围150～178μm,氨水浓度20%。此外,Ca元素更利于氨浸过程除钾,而Na元素不利于氨浸过程除钾。熟石灰对水洗除钾有一定作用,碳酸钠对水洗除钾的效果并不明显,故在钼焙砂水洗过程中加入熟石灰有利于低钾钼酸铵的生产。钼焙砂氨浸过程前期释钾速度较快,后期速度变慢,得到Avrami方程可以较好地模拟氨浸前期和后期的释钾过程,确定了氨浸过程的动力学方程。     

Distribution law of flow field and temperature field in electroslag remelting withdrawal process

A three- dimensional mathematical model was developed to describe the interaction of multiple physical fields during the electroslag remelting withdrawal (ESRW) process. Flow fields and temperature fields of the ESRW system were simulated by commercial software ANSYS. The flow fields, temperature fields and the shapes of the molten pool during the ESRW process with different electrode immersed depths and slag heights were analyzed and compared. The temperature of ingot surface was measured, and the accuracy of simulation results was verified. The results show that there are two pairs of vortexes in slag bath during the ESRW process. A pair of large vortexes turns counterclockwise, and another pair of small vortexes rotates clockwise. The speed of slag increases with the increasing of immersion depths of the electrode, and decreases with the increasing of slag heights. There are two high temperature zones in the slag bath, and the temperature in the slag bath is higher than that in the metal bath. The temperature of ESRW system (electrode, slag bath and ingot) becomes higher with the increasing of immersion depths of the electrode, whereas becomes lower with increasing of slag heights.     

Output feedback tracking control for rigid body attitude via immersion and invariance angular velocity observers

A novel immersion and invariance (I&I) angular velocity observer is presented for the attitude tracking control of a rigid body with the lack of angular rate. Global exponential convergence of angular velocity estimate errors are guaranteed by an innovative filter design for the estimates' Euclidean norm. The proposed method requires fewer filter states compared with existing I&I angular velocity observer designs, which achieves a simpler closed-loop structure (dynamic reduction). The observer synthesis and convergence are independent of the control torque, which leads to much convenience in establishing “separation property” when combining a proportional-derivative attitude tracking controller driven by angular velocity estimates. A rigorous stability analysis is provided to ensure the (almost) global asymptotic convergence of the overall closed-loop tracking errors, and several numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness of the combined implementation of proposed angular velocity observer and full-state feedback attitude tracking controller.     

Performance study of constant temperature water immersion thawing system using refrigerator compressor casing heat

Five commonly used thawing methods include water immersion (WT), lotic water (LT), ambient temperature (AT), refrigerator (RT), and microwave (MT) thawing. WT, LT, and AT cannot maintain a specified constant temperature during thawing, whereas MT consumes substantial energy. On the basis of the shortcomings of the above methods, a constant temperature water immersion thawing system using fixed-frequency refrigerator compressor casing heat storage (CWT-CCTS) is designed. The CWT-CCTS recycles the waste heat of the compressor casing and uses the heat to thaw frozen food in constant temperature water. The new system not only provides a new heat source for thawing but also reduces the overall energy consumption and noise of the system during operation. Under a stable full-load operating condition of the refrigerator, CWT-CCTS can reduce the compressor casing and discharge temperatures by 3.8°C and 2.5°C, respectively. The water loss rate of CWT-CCTS is only 15.9% of MT, demonstrating a decrease of 84.1%. In terms of thawing, the maximum power consumption saved by the device is 516.79 kW·h per year in comparison with MT, and the cost of the device can be recovered after 178 days of use     

Effects of Al content on the corrosion properties of Mg–4Y–xAl alloys

The corrosion performances of Mg–4Y–xAl (x = 1, 2, 3, and 4 wt%) alloys in the 3.5% NaCl electrolyte solution are investigated by electrochemical tests, weight loss measurement and corrosion morphology observation. The results indicate that corrosion modes for the alloys are localized corrosion and the filiform type of attack. With Al concentration increasing from 1 to 4 wt%, the corrosion rate of Mg–4Y–xAl alloys decreases firstly and then increases, and WA42 alloy shows the best corrosion resistance. The addition of Al element to Mg–4Y alloys leads to the formation of Al₂Y and Al₁₁Y₃ intermetallic compounds and reduces the proportion of Mg₂₄Y₅ phase. Corrosion resistance of the Mg–4Y–xAl alloys mainly depends on the size and distribution of the second phases. Besides, the addition of excessive Al can greatly consumes the Y element in the matrix, thus leading to a less protective film on the alloys. The effect of the relative Volta potential changes between the second phases and α-Mg on corrosion resistance of Mg–4Y–xAl alloys is insignificant. The main corrosion products of the Mg–4Y–xAl alloys are Mg(OH)₂, Mg₃(OH)₅Cl·4H₂O, Mg_0.72Al_0.28(CO₃)_0.15(OH)_1.98(H₂O)_0.48, and Mg₄Al₂(OH)₁₂CO₃·3H₂O.     

抗坏血酸盐浸渍冷冻对东北冻梨食用品质的影响

目的探究抗坏血酸盐浸渍冷冻处理对冻梨果实食用和营养品质的影响。方法以南果梨为试验材料,分别采用0.5、1.0、3.0 g/L异抗坏血酸钠和0.5、1.0、3.0 g/L抗坏血酸钙溶液进行浸渍冷冻,对制得冻梨果实的色泽、褐变程度、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、感官评价、石细胞含量、抗坏血酸含量和总酚含量进行分析。结果与空白组相比,异抗坏血酸钠与抗坏血酸钙溶液浸渍冷冻均可有效改善冻梨果实的色泽,抑制其褐变程度,维持其可溶性固形物含量,提高可滴定酸、抗坏血酸和总酚含量,并降低其石细胞含量,维持其较高的感官品质。结论抗坏血酸钙质量浓度为3.0 g/L时所得冻梨品质最优,为传统东北冻梨加工方式提供了技术支撑。