城市停车综合管理中政府应发挥的作用

通过对国内外停车政策法规方面的研究,结合我国停车现状以及存在的问题,分析解决城市停车问题的办法,尤其强调了机械式立体停车设备的应用。最后,重点阐述了城市停车综合管理中政府应发挥的关键作用。     

省域城镇体系规划中的水资源规划

我国水资源时空分布不均,600多座城市中有100多座城市严重缺水.水资源是城市发展的基础资源,根据《水法》,水资源综合规划和城市总体规划应相协调,但水资源规划和城镇体系规划的协调关系不明确.在具体操作层面,并无相关技术标准明确城乡规划与水资源规划协调关系,因此为从规划层面缓解城市缺水问题,需要构建城乡规划与水资源规划的关系,而尤为重要的是架构宏观层面省域城镇体系规划与水资源规划关系.本文剖析了水资源规划、城乡规划体系及其规划审批程序,研究了城镇体系规划、水资源规划的内容,构建了城镇体系规划与水资源规划的协调关系,在此基础上明确了省域城镇体系规划中水资源规划的步骤和内容.     

政府投资工程项目建设管理模式初探

探讨新的政府投资工程项目建设管理模式,对于资金的合理利用、防止腐败等现象具有重大作用。本文结合现阶段的投资工程项目管理模式的弊端,结合投资项目管理模式的本身特性,探讨了新的政府投资工程项目建设管理模式。     

Councillors’ perspectives on democratic legitimacy in English local government: politics through provision?

Much has been made of the dual-polity concept of local government. By comparison less has been made of conceptualising local government’s dual-purpose role. The political and service provision roles of local government tend to be kept separate for purposes of scholarly investigation. Local government is synonymous with service provision, but its governing role is often overlooked or downplayed by higher levels of government. Is local government as a politically representative institution merely a quaint and unnecessary hangover from the past? The paper reports the findings of research conducted among councillors and assesses their perspective on the legitimacy of local government to make decisions and to govern locally.     

Mirror of the state or independent image? – Conceptual perspectives on the question of a legitimacy shift to the output dimension in local democracy

This contribution discusses the theoretical and conceptual implications of asking about the legitimacy of local democracy and the relevance of discussing ‘performance legitimacy’. The role of local government in generating or undermining democratic legitimacy is ambivalent. It is questionable whether there can be something like a genuine legitimacy of local government at all, considering its subordinate and functionalised role in the modern (welfare) state. In the first part of the article, the complexity and controversial status of political legitimacy in general and local government in particular is exposed. It is argued that the effective interplay of justification (giving acceptable reasons for policies) and demonstration (performing successfully by fulfilling promises), which is at the core of generating legitimacy, cannot be deduced from general concepts and fixed in a general model. Generating a self-reinforcing dynamic of public support and linking different dimensions of legitimacy (input, throughput, output) is a matter of reflexive institutionalisation. Being part of a democratic welfare state has provided local governments in Western democracies with a stabilised focus of legitimacy. At the same time, local governments are particularly under pressure to adapt, to innovate and to modernise. Four broader narratives of changing democratic legitimacy sources with respect to local government are discussed. The shift to ‘performance legitimacy’ has to be seen in a wider context of redefining the meaning of (local) democracy as mapped out by the four narratives.     

移动协同办公系统的数据接入模块设计

为了很好地满足检验检疫部门引入新技术,完善网络办公需求,能够全方位向社会提供更优质和高效的检验检疫服务,基于此,本文采用建立移动协同办公系统接入平台,从检验检疫行业实际工作出发,在完成移动协同办公系统的数据接入模块技术架构后,描述了系统的数据接入模块的功能设计。通过上述方法的设计,发现移动协同办公系统的数据接入模块的设计开发使政府行业信息交流与信息共享更为便捷,不仅缩短了信息传递的周期,而且提高了整个政府工作效率。     

Pushing the envelope: market mechanisms for sustainable community development

This paper introduces market mechanisms for sustainable community development, an interdependent planning and implementation framework encompassing strategic directions, strategies, actors and instruments for municipal policy making. It examines how the economy influences the unsustainable development of local jurisdictions and how a coherent typology of strategies, actors and policy levers can move communities toward complementary environmental, social and economic outcomes. The paper illustrates a dichotomy between municipal decision making and embraces economic, social and environmental criteria for development of the built environment. It defines sustainable community development and analyzes research findings from senior decision makers in government, academic institutions, industry and non-profits. After critiquing ‘the market mechanism’ and identifying preferred approaches, the authors propose a typology that systematically aligns market signals with implementing sustainable community development policies.     

Governing street trading in contemporary cities. Anatomy of the policy instruments used by the City of Johannesburg in the post-apartheid era

The paper interrogates how street trading is governed in contemporary cities of the South, based on the example of Johannesburg. It excavates policy choices made by municipal officials and politicians, understood through the set of policy instruments (not only policy documents, institutions and tools, but also non-tools) that they have framed and used for almost two decades, beyond public rhetoric that is arguably misleading. The paper provides a critical analyzis of policy instruments for governing street trading, scantly absent from existing literature, it also brings back into the urban studies debate issues of municipal officials’ agency, political objectives and policy choices.     

The option value of government guarantees in infrastructure projects

The participation of private capital in public infrastructure investment projects has been sought by many governments who perceive this as a way to overcome budgetary constraints and foster economic growth. For some types of projects, this investment may require government participation in the form of project guarantees in order to reduce the risk to the private investor, and as a consequence, the government assumes a contingent liability which may have significant future budgetary impacts. We present a minimum traffic guarantee (MTG) real options model that differs from most of the literature in the field by using market data to determine stochastic project parameters. This model can be used to assess the value of these guarantees, allows the government to analyse the cost–benefit of each level of support, and proposes an alternative to limit the exposure of the government while still maintaining the benefits to the private investor. We apply this model to the projected 1000 mile long BR‐163 toll road that will link the Brazilian Midwest to the Amazon River. We conclude that the use of public–private partnerships (PPP) with guarantees and caps on total government outlays can be modelled effectively using option pricing methods and can be a solution to attract private investment to high risk public infrastructure projects.     

Deconcentrating Poverty With Housing Programs

Problem: Housing programs of the past have exacerbated the problems of concentrated poverty. Current housing programs serving very low-income households, including homebuyers as well as renters, should be examined to determine the extent to which they help households make entry into neighborhoods with low concentrations of poverty.

Purpose: This research is designed to assist planners in understanding how well various approaches to resolving housing affordability problems can facilitate the poverty deconcentration process.

Methods: Administrative data from the Department of Housing and Urban Development are used to assess the degree to which federal housing programs help lowincome homebuyers and renters locate in neighborhoods where less than 10% of the population is below poverty.

Results and conclusions: Subsidizing households ought to be more effective than subsidizing housing units at helping lowincome households locate in low-poverty areas, and whether a household rents or buys should not matter to whether a program succeeds at deconcentration of the poor. Yet, analysis of national datasets across several housing programs finds neither of the previous propositions to be true. Housing vouchers suppliedto households are not helping renters locate in low-poverty areas any more effectively than are current project-based subsidies. It also turns out that tenure matters; a disproportionately higher share of low-income homebuyers are locating in low-poverty neighborhoods than are lowincome renters.

Takeaway for practice: I recommend that housing planners seeking to make poverty deconcentration more effective use housing placement counselors, administer programs at the metropolitan scale, lease and broker market-rate housing directly, promote mixed-income LIHTC developments, practice inclusionary zoning, and monitor the impacts of these efforts.

Research support: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development.