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61.
Repeated and prolonged searches of memory can lead to an increase in how much is recalled, but they can also lead to memory errors. These 3 experiments addressed the costs and benefits of repeated and prolonged memory tests for both young and older adults. Participants saw and imagined pictures of objects, some of which were physically or conceptually similar, and then took a series of repeated or prolonged recall tests. Both young and older adults recalled more on later tests than on earlier ones, though the increase was less marked for older adults. In addition, despite recalling less than did young adults, older adults made more similarity-based source misattributions (i.e., claiming an imagined item was seen if it was physically or conceptually similar to a seen item). Similar patterns of fewer benefits and more costs for older adults were seen on both free and forced recall tests and on timed and self-paced tests. Findings are interpreted in terms of age-related differences in binding processes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
62.
Ten areas of health knowledge were investigated in 2 studies, 1 of college students (N=169) and 1 of adults from the community (ages 19-70; N=176). Measures assessed knowledge of aging, orthopedic/ dermatological concerns, common illnesses, childhood/early life, serious illnesses, mental health, nutrition, reproduction, safety, and treatment of illness/disease. Significant gender differences favoring women were found for most areas of health knowledge, especially reproduction and early life. Results showed that cognitive ability accounted for the most variance in health knowledge with nonability (personality and interest traits) and demographic variables accounting for smaller but significant amounts of variance across most knowledge domains. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
63.
Rowan Paul J.; Cofta-Woerpel Ludmila; Mazas Carlos A.; Vidrine Jennifer Irvin; Reitzel Lorraine R.; Cinciripini Paul M.; Wetter David W. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2007,15(4):382
Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) consists of assessing phenomena in real time in the natural environment. EMA allows for more fine-grained analyses of addictive behavior and minimizes threats to internal validity, such as recall biases and errors. However, because of the intensive monitoring involved in EMA, measurement reactivity is a concern. To test whether EMA with palmtop personal computers induces reactivity, the authors compared smoking-related outcomes between smokers using EMA and those not using EMA during a quit attempt. The use of no-EMA control groups has been rare in reactivity investigations to date. The EMA protocol included event-contingent assessments (smoking episodes, urge episodes) and random assessments. Outcomes included biologically confirmed abstinence and self-report measures of withdrawal, self-efficacy, motivation, affect, and temptations. Participants were smokers motivated to quit (N = 96). They were randomized to 1 of 3 groups: EMA for the week preceding a planned quit date, EMA for the week following the quit date, and no EMA. Abstinence rates did not differ between the groups at Day 7 or at Day 28 postcessation. For the 20 subscales assessed at each of 3 assessment times, there were significant differences between participants with and without EMA experience for 3 subscales at the 1st of 3 assessment times, and significant differences for 3 different subscales at the 3rd assessment time. These differences suggest some reactivity to EMA, although the inconsistent pattern across time indicates that further research is needed to definitively conclude that EMA induces reactivity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
64.
Hughes Rosemary B.; Nosek Margaret A.; Howland Carol A.; Groff Janet Y.; Mullen Patricia Dolan 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2003,48(3):182
Objective: To pilot test a health promotion intervention for women with physical disabilities. Design: Pre- and postintervention questionnaires. Participants: Two groups of women with physical disabilities (n=15). Intervention: Seven-session weekly workshop intervention grounded primarily in social-cognitive theory. Setting: Disability and rehabilitation settings. Main Outcome Measures: Indicators of health status. Results: Statistically significant positive changes between pre- and postintervention scores on measures of self-efficacy for dietary behaviors, medical decision making, social interaction, physical functioning, impact of physical limitation on role activities, and vitality. Conclusion: Women with disabilities who participate in this health promotion intervention may exhibit improvements on indicators of health status. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
65.
Barrier options are financial derivative contracts that are activated or deactivated according to the crossing of specified
barriers by an underlying asset price. Exact models for pricing barrier options assume continuous monitoring of the underlying
dynamics, usually a stock price. Barrier options in traded markets, however, nearly always assume less frequent observation,
e.g. daily or weekly. These situations require approximate solutions to the pricing problem. We present a new approach to
pricing such discretely monitored barrier options that may be applied in many realistic situations. In particular, we study
daily monitored up-and-out call options of the European type with a single underlying stock. The approach is based on numerical
approximation of the transition probability density associated with the stochastic differential equation describing the stock
price dynamics, and provides accurate results in less than one second whenever a contract expires in a year or less. The flexibility
of the method permits more complex underlying dynamics than the Black and Scholes paradigm, and its relative simplicity renders
it quite easy to implement. 相似文献
66.
改进的BP神经网络在大坝安全监控中的应用 总被引:7,自引:5,他引:2
针对经典BP神经网络运行中存在的缺陷,提出了改进的BP神经网络,不仅解决了经典BP网络易陷入局部最小的弊端,而且应用的0.618分割选取法能使网络快速找到较优隐含层节点数,初始权值的自相关修正进一步提高了网络的稳定性。实际应用证明,改进的BP神经网络有效提高了网络质量,适合大型网络的构建与训练。 相似文献
67.
Heloisa Martins Shih Mitchell M Tseng 《International Journal of Project Management》1996,14(6):373-378
In this paper the application of workflow technology to monitor, control and coordinate business processes and projects is proposed. The conceptual characteristics of processes and projects as well as their management needs in the functions of planning, execution, monitoring and control are compared. The general design of the proposed system is then developed, with an application example. The proposed monitoring and control system provides proactive tracking of the flow of work and information, and of the utilization and commitment of resources. The design supports hierarchical management of the project and/or business process, allowing concerned persons to visualize and to utilize it in different levels of abstraction, as necessary. The application of workflow technology also provides additional benefits in facilitating communication, documentation and re-utilization. 相似文献
68.
下套管作业时,套管螺纹联接质量的好坏直接影响着油井寿命,因此有必要研制一种套管动力钳转矩监测系统。以目前国内常用的TQ-20型套管动力钳为例,介绍了一种与之相配套的套管钳转矩监测系统的功能特点,测试原理,结构设计,并对实测各类紧扣曲线进行了分析。该系统采用主从机结构,主机为工业控制微机,从机为单片机系统,主从机采用远距离通信传输,大大地改善了工业控制微机的工况条件。该系统实现无人监控、自动记录、绘 相似文献
69.
Atomic layer epitaxy or ALE has proven to be useful for the growth of epitaxial layers of high uniformity, good quality, and
well-controlled thickness. In this study, we have carried out in-situ monitoring during the atmospheric pressure ALE of CdTe on GaAs (100) substrates using spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). The
susceptor temperature, reactant partial pressures, as well as the flow and flush duration for each precursor are crucial process
variables for ALE growth. Growth was carried out for 20–25 cycles under different sets of these process conditions during
the experiment and in-situ SE was used to verify the presence of layer-by-layer growth, which enabled the quick determination of the process window.
We observed ALE growth of CdTe at 300°C, supporting the explanation that the growth of CdTe occurs via a surface catalyzed
decomposition of the Te precursor di-isopropyltelluride (DIPTe). Investigation of ALE mode growth behavior for different susceptor
temperatures and DIPTe flush times indicated that the growth was limited by competition between desorption and reaction of
the adsorbed DIPTe species on the Cd terminated surface. 相似文献
70.
We present a new background-subtraction technique fusing contours from thermal and visible imagery for persistent object detection in urban settings. Statistical background-subtraction in the thermal domain is used to identify the initial regions-of-interest. Color and intensity information are used within these areas to obtain the corresponding regions-of-interest in the visible domain. Within each region, input and background gradient information are combined to form a Contour Saliency Map. The binary contour fragments, obtained from corresponding Contour Saliency Maps, are then fused into a single image. An A* path-constrained search along watershed boundaries of the regions-of-interest is used to complete and close any broken segments in the fused contour image. Lastly, the contour image is flood-filled to produce silhouettes. Results of our approach are evaluated quantitatively and compared with other low- and high-level fusion techniques using manually segmented data. 相似文献