Modelling the rate of secondary succession after farmland abandonment in a Mediterranean mountain area

Secondary succession after farmland abandonment has become a common process in north Mediterranean countries, especially in mountain areas. In this paper, a methodology is tested which combines Markov chains and logistic multivariate regression to model secondary succession after farmland abandonment in environments where abiotic constraints play a major role, like mountain areas. In such landscapes, a decay in the succession rate with time is usually found, as the best locations are progressively occupied. This is frequently addressed using non-stationary Markov chains. Here, we test if the combination of logistic multivariate regression with Markov chains, however, allows for spatially distributed transitions probabilities based on abiotic factors and therefore, it is able to reproduce the preferential colonization of the most favourable locations. The model is tested in the Ijuez Valley in the Spanish Pyrenees, which underwent generalized land abandonment during the 1950s. Results confirm a substantial improvement in the prediction success of the Markov-logistic model when compared to the standard Markov chain approach. As a result, the decay in the succession rate can be successfully modelled. The specific results for our study area are discussed further in an ecological context. The methodology proposed is applicable to any landscape where vegetation dynamics are constrained by environmental factors. However, the inclusion of land use as an explanatory factor would be necessary in human-managed landscapes.     

激光相变硬化性能与工艺参数关系的数学模型

用回归正文分析的方法．建立了中碳结构钢、碳素工具钢和合金结构钢的激光相变硬化性能与工艺参数间关系的数学模型。分析了回归力程的显著性并预测了各硬化指标的精度。     

锌钾硼对甜菜产质量效应及最佳施肥措施的研究

本文利用最优回归设计“310”方案,研究了黑土地甜菜 Zn、K_2O、B的效果及合理施用问题。得出甜菜块根产量、含糖、产糖量、灰分 K 和有害 N 与 ZnK_2O、B 肥回归关系显著的回归模型,分析了 Zn、K_2O、B 对上述五个指标的效应,明确了 Zn 是影响各项指标的主要因子,并采用频率筛选法,提出了兼顾上述五项指标的优质高产施肥措施。     

桃林口水库大坝人工监测项目管理软件的开发与应用

介绍了桃林口水库大坝人工监测项目管理软件研制的意义。对软件结构、开发环境、基本计算原理、主要功能进行了详细阐述；并以大坝垂直位移分析为例,详细讲述了回归分析在资料分析中的具体应用。该软件的应用使工程管理水平上了一个新台阶。     

An application of expert systems techniques to the on-line control and fault diagnosis of a mixing process

An application of expert hierarchical control is described in this paper. The control is implemented in a two-level configuration, where the lower layer performs direct regulation control and the upper layer performs supervisory functions. In the regulation layer, a rule-based controller performs the regulation task, where the controller is constructed upon causal relations between subsystems. The control action is inferred from the measurement of both controlled and noncontrolled variables. In the supervisory layer, the main function is a fault diagnosis system which diagnoses faults on-line. The diagnosis is based upon reasoning from the structure of the system and the functions of its components, and efficient diagnosis is achieved by dividing the system into several subsystems. The overall technique has been successfully implemented on a pilot scale mixing process under on-line computer control.     

Runout analysis in fatigue investigation

Those individual tests in a series of experiments that are not completed or must be suspended are known as “censored points,” or “runouts”. Inclusion of runouts in data analysis can be problematic, and such ad hoc approaches as ignoring the runout observation or treating it as a failure can significantly affect estimation. The methodology offered here alleviates the handling of runouts and censored data by using the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method to incorporate the censored data properly. The methodology is illustrated with an example problem using actual data and the affects of ad hoc approaches are illustrated.     

Development of calibration models for quality control in the production of ethylene/propylene copolymers by FTIR spectroscopy,multivariate statistical tools,and artificial neural networks

Principal component regression (PCR), partial least squares (PLS), StepWise ordinary least squares regression (OLS), and back‐propagation artificial neural network (BP‐ANN) are applied here for the determination of the propylene concentration of a set of 83 production samples of ethylene–propylene copolymers from their infrared spectra. The set of available samples was split into (a) a training set, for models calculation; (b) a test set, for selecting the correct number of latent variables in PCR and PLS and the end point of the training phase of BP‐ANN; (c) a production set, for evaluating the predictive ability of the models. The predictive ability of the models is thus evaluated by genuine predictions. The model obtained by StepWise OLS turned out to be the best one, both in fitting and prediction. The study of the breakdown number of samples to be included in the training set showed that at least 52 experiments are necessary to build a reliable and predictive calibration model. It can be concluded that FTIR spectroscopy and OLS can be properly employed for monitoring the synthesis or the final product of ethylene–propylene copolymers, by predicting the concentration of propylene directly along the process line. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

用层次分析法优选喇萨杏油田三次加密调整区块

以检查井分析资料和二次加密调整井测试资料为基础，以大庆喇萨杏油田已开展的三次加密调整试验和已完成的三次加密调整方案为依据，通过对喇萨杏油田高含水后期各开发区块可调砂岩厚度、单储系数、综合含水、二次加密调整时间及套损井比例等几个主要指标综合分析的基础上，利用层次分析方法对喇萨杏油田各开发区块三次加密调整的可行性进行优选排队，最终给出喇萨杏油田三次加密调整优先进行的区块，为喇萨杏油田有计划、分步骤地实施三次加密调整提供了可靠依据。     

Linkages between spouses' psychological distress and marital conflict in the home.

To elucidate the processes that underlie the established association between psychopathology and marital functioning, researchers have given attention to how symptomatic individuals manage their interpersonal contexts, particularly during the handling of disagreements. In the current study, the authors evaluate the role of marital conflict strategies in relation to wives' and husbands' psychological distress levels. A sample of 100 community-based couples completed assessments of psychological distress and diaries describing marital conflict that occurred at home during a 15-day reporting period. Findings from multilevel modeling of dyadic data revealed associations between both spouses' psychological distress and multiple behavioral and emotional conflict expressions in the home. Psychological symptoms uniquely predicted the occurrence of certain conflict expressions, even when accounting for global negative marital sentiments. The findings encourage subsequent consideration of marital conflict expressions and resolution strategies when studying processes involved in the marriage-psychological adjustment link. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)