光学差分参量放大布里渊时域分析优化研究

为了优化设计基于光学差分参量放大的布里渊光时域分析抽运的脉冲编码形式以及斯托克斯光与反斯托克斯光脉宽差,采用微扰法和小信号近似法,获得了探测光与斯托克斯光脉冲、反斯托克斯光脉冲在较小作用区域内的脉冲响应,对其性能进行了理论分析与数值验证。结果表明,相位斯托克斯光脉冲可有效压缩布里渊增益谱宽,提高布里渊信号信噪比;当斯托克斯光与反斯托克斯光传感脉冲脉宽差为8ns时,探测光布里渊增益最大。这一结果对进一步分析基于光学差分参量放大的布里渊光时域分析系统性能以及开展相关实验研究是有帮助的。     

D-S证据理论近似算法在数据融合中的应用

论述了基于D-S证据理论的多传感器数据融合方法。通常在强冲突情形下证据组合规则的组合结果是不符合常理的,其不同证据源的冲突处理成为数据融合的主要问题之一,文中提出了一种解决证据冲突情况下的近似算法。仿真结果表明该方法是有效的和可行的。     

基于高阶累积量的高精度时延估计算法

针对海洋探测中由于接收信号信噪比低并存在各种噪声干扰导致时延估计精度低的问题,提出一种基于二次相关和高阶累积量的具有多种噪声抑制能力的高精度时延估计新方法——SC-HOCS法。该方法首先对两路接收信号进行自相关和互相关处理,抑制部分高斯噪声,然后利用高阶累积量一维切片法对信号进行处理,抑制相关高斯噪声和非高斯色噪声,通过对接收信号的上述处理提高信噪比,最后结合希尔伯特变换对相关峰进行锐化处理,进一步提高时延估计精度。与广义相关法、二次相关法及高阶累积量一维切片法相比,该方法能很好地抑制相关噪声并且能在更低的信噪比下获得较好的时延估计精度,同时该算法计算量较小,可满足对数据实时处理的需求。计算机仿真和水池实验验证了该方法的有效性。该方法为海洋探测中低信噪比信号的高精度时延估计提供一种新的技术途径。     

小斜率近似方法分析粗糙界面声散射问题

利用小斜率近似方法计算了起伏海面的声散射特性,得到了具有高斯分布粗糙海面的平均反射系数（即镜反射系数）计算公式,并与微扰法和Kirchhoff近似做了比较,结果表明小斜率近似是一种非常有效的分析起伏表面散射特性的近似方法。最后讨论了海面镜反射系数随海面的不平整度（波浪的均方根高度）、声波频率和声波入射方向的变化关系,得出了只有在声波波长和起伏波浪高度可比拟时,才有明显的镜反射的结论。这为分析浅海目标声散射特性时,选择是否需要考虑海面（海底）所引起的多途效应提供了理论依据。     

强耦合作用下自旋与碳纳米管谐振器之间的动力学研究

理论分析了单电子自旋与碳纳米管机械谐振器之间的耦合对系统动力学行为的影响。用一个主方程,通过半经典的方法具体研究了系统在有量子位-谐振器耦合和没有耦合时平均声子占有数随频率失谐的变化情况、在不同耦合强度时对比了系统在旋波近似和非旋波近似下平均声子占有数随频率失谐的变化情况。在有耦合的情况下,平均声子占有数在共振时,产生了一个分裂,而且在分裂峰值的附近出现了双稳态。通过对碳纳米管谐振器平均声子占有数的分析发现,旋波近似和非旋波近似在耦合强度较弱的情况下能够很好的吻合。当系统进入超强耦合时,旋波近似不再有效,此时非旋波项变得不可忽略。     

Impulse controls and uncertainty in economics: Method and application

We develop a stochastic optimal control framework to address an important class of economic problems where there are discontinuities and a decision maker is able to undertake impulse controls in response to unexpected disturbances. Our contribution is two fold: (1) to develop a linear programming algorithm that produces a consistent approximation of the maximum value and optimal policy functions in the context of stochastic impulse controls; and (2) to illustrate the economic benefits of impulse controls optimized, using our framework, and calibrated to the population dynamics of a marine fishery. We contend that the framework has wide applicability and offers the possibility of higher economic pay-off for a wide-range of policy problems in the presence of discontinuities and adverse shocks.     

Precise gouging-free tool orientations for 5-axis CNC machining

We present a precise approach to the generation of optimized collision-free and gouging-free tool paths for 5-axis CNC machining of freeform NURBS surfaces using flat-end and rounded-end (bull nose) tools having cylindrical shank. To achieve high approximation quality, we employ analysis of hyper-osculating circles (HOCs) (Wang et al., 1993a,b), that have third order contact with the target surface, and lead to a locally collision-free configuration between the tool and the target surface. At locations where an HOC is not possible, we aim at a double tangential contact among the tool and the target surface, and use it as a bridge between the feasible HOC tool paths. We formulate all such possible two-contact configurations as systems of algebraic constraints and solve them. For all feasible HOCs and two-contact configurations, we perform a global optimization to find the tool path that maximizes the approximation quality of the machining, while being gouge-free and possibly satisfying constraints on the tool tilt and the tool acceleration. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach via several experimental results.     

A maritime inventory routing problem with stochastic sailing and port times

This paper describes a stochastic short sea shipping problem where a company is responsible for both the distribution of oil products between islands and the inventory management of those products at consumption storage tanks located at ports. In general, ship routing and scheduling is associated with uncertainty in weather conditions and unpredictable waiting times at ports. In this work, both sailing times and port times are considered to be stochastic parameters. A two-stage stochastic programming model with recourse is presented where the first stage consists of routing, loading and unloading decisions, and the second stage consists of scheduling and inventory decisions. The model is solved using a decomposition approach similar to an L-shaped algorithm where optimality cuts are added dynamically, and this solution process is embedded within the sample average approximation method. A computational study based on real-world instances is presented.     

圆弧曲线段和球面曲面片的多项式逼近

鉴于现有的CAD/CAM造型系统不能处理圆和球面的隐式方程以及用三角函数所表示的参数方程,因此为了使现有的CAD/CAM造型系统能够处理圆弧、圆以及球面曲面片、球面,人们只能采用参数多项式和参数有理多项式来逼近它们。为了能更好地对圆弧曲线段和球面曲面片进行逼近,提出了一种基于最小二乘范数的参数Bézier多项式逼近方法。该方法根据在最小二乘范数L2下所定义的距离函数取最小值,首先得到了一个圆弧曲线段和球面曲面片的参数Bézier多项式逼近式,并把该逼近多项式表示成两个行列式的商的形式。如果所取圆弧曲线段或球面曲面片为圆或球面时,则可得到圆或球面的参数Bézier多项式逼近式。另外,用该方法也可得到椭圆弧曲线段和椭球面曲面片的参数Bézier多项式逼近式。最后给出了一些数值实例,数值实验结果表明,该方法是有效的。     

Weak Delocalization in Graphene on a Ferromagnetic Insulating Film

Graphene has been predicted to develop a magnetic moment by proximity effect when placed on a ferromagnetic film, a promise that could open exciting possibilities in the fields of spintronics and magnetic data recording. In this work, the interplay between the magnetoresistance of graphene and the magnetization of an underlying ferromagnetic insulating film is studied in detail. A clear correlation between both magnitudes is observed but through a careful modeling of the magnetization and the weak localization measurements, that such correspondence can be explained by the effects of the magnetic stray fields arising from the ferromagnetic insulator is found. The results emphasize the complexity arising at the interface between magnetic and 2D materials.