步进电机细分及其在光电测径系统中的应用

叙述了步进电机的细分技术及其测长原理。作为一种测长手段应用于工件直径测量系统中，为提高步进电机细分测长的精度，系统采用了软件补偿的办法，应用光电定位和ＭＣＳ—５１单片机实施控制，构成一种测量范围在１～１００ｍｍ，精度较高，效费比高的光电测径系统。     

Results of the ASTM field test of tristimulus weighting functions

In 1993, the American Society for Testing and Materials carried out a field test of newly calculated tristimulus weighting factors. These weighting factors had been calculated by a method proposed by Venable. the test also included a method of correction for bandpass dependence put forth by Stearns. the purpose of the trial was to assess the possible reduction in bandpass dependence introduced by each of these sets of weights. A large number of sets of spectral data were gathered from the cooperators in the field test. Results of integration by the various sets of tristimulus weighting factors were calculated. A total of 15 120 color differences were calculated and statistics were derived to test the probable error resulting from each method of correction. Errors attributable to bandpass dependence were on the order of a few tenths to as much as one CIELAB unit when uncorrected weight sets were used. These errors could be reduced to a few hundreths of a CIELAB unit, and in some cases to a few thousandths of a unit, by employing one correcting strategy or the other. an overall mix of strategies was ultimately chosen to minimize the bandpass dependence over the entire range of weight sets. Utilizing this mixed strategy, the median error introduced into 10-nm integration by bandpass dependence was only 0.004 CIELAB units. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

排列互比法用于超精测角的研究

作者分析了我互比法现行的两种数据处理方法的缺点，提出了应用最小二乘法原理推导出合理的数据处理方法。本文还首次从理论上阐明了排列互比法测量结果中出现一次谐波系统误差的原因，提出了减少和消除这一些系统误差的方法，并给实验验证。     

地面立体摄影测量在露天矿山的应用

本文针对露天矿验收测量的特点，论述了露天矿验收地面立体摄影测量方法及其内业处理系统，并将地面立体摄影测量结果与ＥＤＭ解析法测量结果进行了比较。     

柱形颗粒群直径分布的激光衍射测量技术

提出了用激光衍射功率谱方法测量柱形颗粒群直径分布的技术方法，解决了长颗粒随机排列时的功率谱探测，及数据快速优化方法等技术难题。此技术已地应用于由羊毛和化纤截成的柱形颗粒群直径分布的测量，实现结果证明了此技术的可行性和实用性。     

人工智能方法用于熔喷过程在线检测的研究

熔喷生产最终产品质量的控制，对于过程优化具有重要的意义。产品质量的在线检测是过程监测与质量控制必不可少的。本文首次在熔喷系统中引入人工智能的研究方法，对熔喷非织造布的厚度与纤维直径进行在线预测。实测数据与人工神经网络的预测结果吻合较好，从而证实了人工神经网络用于模拟熔喷过程的可行性。网络的输入包括：挤出机温度、喷头温度、熔融体挤出速率、空气流率及接收距离。神经元计算的输出是纤维直径与熔喷非织布的厚度。文中进一步提出了将神经网络与专家系统相结合的研究路线，以实现熔喷过程的优化控制。     

Early detection of ageing in solder joints through laser probe thermal analysis of the peltier effect

We have recently developed an optical contactless method for testing the quality of solder joints during accelerated thermal cycling ageing processes.¹ The method was based upon the measurement of the dynamic thermal behaviour of the joint to short bursts of Joule heating. It has proved to be efficient in revealing the formation of cracks at the lead-solder interface. We present a method to evaluate ageing at a much earlier stage in the cycling process. We have observed in earlier work,¹ that before cracks appear, structural changes occur in the solder at the lead-solder interface. The thermal response of the solder joint is recorded over time to a Peltier heat perturbation produced by flowing a current pulse through the interface where structural changes occur. The key point in this method is to discriminate the Peltier effect from the Joule thermal response because both effects generate heat. The variation of the early Peltier response in the thermal cycling ageing tests is seen as a quantitative signature of the structural changes in the lead-solder interface.     

Novel miniature integrated optical goniometers

A new principle and arrangement for directly determining the angle of incidence of an optical beam on an object are proposed and demonstrated. The novelty of the approach lies in the realization of a ‘smart object’, which extracts a portion of the incident beam's power into an optical waveguide attached to the object's surface or embedded in its body for converting the angle of incidence into the position of a guided beam with finite lateral extent. This ‘integrated optical light pointer’ beam is accomplished by means of creating additional degrees of freedom on the target in two different ways. While a first type is based on introducing spatial variations of the waveguide thickness, a second type makes use of a chirp of the grating periodicity. The feasibility for practical applications has been experimentally demonstrated by a direct comparison with a commercial high-resolution encoder, resulting in an r.m.s. error of <30′'. Measurements have been performed for chips fabricated based on replicated polycarbonate substrates and with no external optics, showing the great potential of this approach for realizing low-cost yet high-performance miniature goniometers.     

脉冲啁啾对干涉相关测宽的影响及其消除方法

本文深入讨论了脉冲啁啾的非线性起源及其对干涉相关测宽(等值宽度和条纹计数)法的影响。提出根据干涉相关曲线下包络最大值位置适当降低等值宽度位置和用计算机平均处理干涉相关信息的技术以消除啁啾的影响。     

远程公文传输解决方案

以黑龙江省审计厅办公自动化系统为背景,简要说明了公文远程传输的实现内容和方法。内容包括:公文远程传输对于建立办公自动化系统的重要意义;远程传输的功能需求;以及实现远程传输的基本方法。