Purification and characterization of recombinant human erythropoietin from milk of transgenic pigs

BACKGROUND: Human erythropoietin (hEPO), a hydrophobic acidic glycoprotein responsible for the regulation of red blood cell production in mammals, is used for the treatment of anemia. In general, the purification of transgenic animal‐derived therapeutic proteins is not easy due to their low titer concentrations and abundant contaminant proteins. For the first time, here the purification and characterization of rhEPO from the milk of transgenic pigs are described. RESULTS: The rhEPO was purified by heparin chromatography, reverse‐phase chromatography, and gel filtration chromatography, resulting in a 16.5% yield and > 98% purity. The rhEPO purified from the milk of transgenic pigs contained less acidic isoforms and was underglycosylated in contrast to CHO‐derived rhEPO. Cell proliferation of the F‐36/EPO‐dependent cell line was proportional to the dose of transgenic pig‐derived rhEPO. CONCLUSION: Transgenic pig‐derived rhEPO with high purity was achieved after three‐step chromatography following two‐step precipitation. The transgenic pig‐derived rhEPO was demonstrated to have comparable potency with CHO‐derived rhEPO. Transgenic pig‐derived rhEPO may not be therapeutically feasible because of different glycosylation, and thus further studies are required to elucidate the effect of this aberrant glycosylation on the biological activity and stability in vivo. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Protecting Research Subjects, Employees and Researchers: Implications for Software Engineering

Human subjects research entails risks for subjects and, to a lesser extent, for researchers. This paper introduces the common types of risks to subjects of empirical software engineering research, and how risk can be a function of the context in which the research is conducted. Risks for researchers are also discussed. Government regulation of the ethics of human subjects research is introduced using the example of the Common Rule that governs much human subjects research taking place in the United States.     

外呼吸道入口的气流场计算

本文用数值模拟的方法计算了算孔前外呼唤道的运动，揭示了哇故纳新气体的过程，所得的结果可用作医疗和医疗器械设计的参考。     

The production of communication signals at the air-water and water-substrate boundaries.

The 2 interfaces of the aquatic environment, the boundary between air-water and water-substrate, have distinctive physical characteristics that facilitate the production of communication signals. Recent evidence suggests that animals living on or near these boundaries use the interface to generate signals in 2 ways: (1) by producing a signal that propagates along the interface or (2) by producing a signal at the interface that is transmitted and detected within 1 of the component media. By examining the diversity of behaviors used to produce signals at these boundaries, the authors illustrate how human perception of these environments may cause researchers to incorrectly assume the environmental context of signal-generating behaviors and overlook modalities of communication pertinent to the animal. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

人体运动实时捕捉仪器设计与应用

将人体运动实时捕捉下来 ,实现数字化处理与同步图像显示 ,将在影视广告制作、体育运动分析、康复效果跟踪等许多方面具有潜在的应用前景。本文系统介绍人体运动实时捕捉仪器的设计原理、数据处理与相关算法 ,并对该仪器的应用前景进行分析。     

简析遏制“人档分离”现象蔓延的对策

人才流动过程带来的“人档分离”现象日趋蔓延。当务之急是健全相应的法规体系，规范人才流动行为，根本出路在于推行人事档案社会化管理。     

Informed consent and dual purpose research.

The ethical treatment of human participants in psychological research is regulated by both federal guidelines and the ethical standards of the American Psychological Association (APA). Under certain circumstances, however, both APA standards and federal regulations allow for exceptions for informed consent. In spite of the possibility of exception, a number of factors have made it difficult to conduct and publish research that does not incorporate informed consent. The authors consider these factors and propose 2 approaches that may reduce reluctance to consider exceptions to informed consent under appropriate circumstances. First, journals should not rely on informed consent as the only method of screening research for the ethical treatment of human participants. Second, efforts must be made to work with institutional review boards and other units that review psychological research to ensure that their members are aware of the conditions under which informed consent is considered reasonable. Failure to consider ethical research without informed consent may have serious ethical consequences for research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The marathon encounter group--vision and reality: Exhuming the body for a last look.

The marathon group, touted in the 1960s and 1970s as a near-miraculous massed-time tool accelerating true encounter with self and others, emerged as one form of the human potential movement with the power to influence both individuals and organizations. A melding of aspects of group psychotherapy, sensitivity training, and encounter groups, it suffered the fate of a technique grown too popular too fast without the tempering effect of sufficient scientific examination to slow its runaway expansion into a full-fledged social movement. This article combines a look at the history, development growth, and personal appearance of the marathon with the personal experience of the author of one of the two first dissertations on the topic. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Water use (and abuse) and its effects on the crater‐lakes of Valle de Santiago,Mexico

Most Mexicans live in the arid and semiarid regions that represent two‐thirds of the Mexican territory, where water is scarce. Natural, as well as human, causes are favouring the degradation of Mexican lakes. There is a clear need to develop and implement sustainable water‐use programmes at a catchment scale. However, the accelerated degradation rate of the Mexican lakes means that there will not be enough time to perform whole‐basin evaluations to establish sustainable water‐use programmes before the lakes dry up. The case of the Valle de Santiago crater‐lakes clearly illustrates the declining trend that Mexican inland aquatic resources follow. Vegetation clearance, overgrazing, abatement of phreatic waters and salinization have induced severe erosion and overall desertification (land degradation) in the basin for what, it seems, a long time (i.e. prehispanic times). In this way, human activities could be provoking at least the following negative consequences: a hotter and drier local climate, water scarcity, dust storms and soil salinization. The aquatic (surface and groundwater) resources of the Valle de Santiago basin have been seriously threatened. Two of the four crater‐lakes have already dried up and phreatic mantle abatement reaches up to 2.5 m per year. In spite of these facts, no sustainable water‐use programme has been established yet. The future scenery of this Mexican basin looks alarmingly like many other basins in the central and northern Mexican territories.