免疫学法检测黄曲霉毒素的研究进展

黄曲霉毒素是黄曲霉菌和寄生曲霉菌的次生代谢产物,是世界卫生组织公认的致癌物。目前,对黄曲霉毒素的检测方法有薄层层析法、高效液相色谱法和酶联免疫吸附法等,其中免疫化学方法具有特异性强、灵敏度高和快速简便等优点,在黄曲霉毒素的检测中应用广泛。建立快速、简便和无毒的检测体系将成为今后检测AFT的研究热点。     

Important Differences Exist in the Dose–Response Relationship between Diet and Immune Cell Fatty Acids in Humans and Rodents

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) are noted for their ability to diminish inflammatory and immune responses in vitro and in a variety of animal-based models of autoimmunity and inflammation. Yet, recent systematic reviews suggest that the evidence for these fatty acids having beneficial effects on inflammation or autoimmunity in humans is equivocal. A possible explanation for these disappointing and somewhat paradoxical findings emerged from the analyses described in this review. The available data on the changes in immune cell fatty acid profiles in mice, rats and humans, fed various forms and amounts of n-3 PUFA are summarized and displayed graphically. The dose–response curves generated provide new insights into the relationship between dietary n-3 PUFA and immune cell fatty acid profiles. The author suggests that the poor predictive value of most in vitro as well as many animal trials may, in part, be a consequence of the frequent adoption of experimental conditions that create differences in immune cell fatty acid profiles that far exceed what is possible in free-living humans through dietary intervention. Recommendations for improving the preclinical value of future in vitro and animal-based studies with n-3 PUFA are provided.     

免疫学技术在食品安全快速检测中的应用研究进展

随着人们对于食品安全问题的关注程度不断增加,食品安全快速检测方法得到了广泛应用。目前常用的食品安全快速检测技术包括免疫学技术、酶抑制技术、传感器技术、生物芯片技术等。免疫学检测技术具有灵敏度高、特异性强、方便、快速和经济等优点,在食品安全快速检测中发挥了重要的作用。免疫学技术在食品安全领域广泛应用的主要有免疫吸附法和免疫层析法两大体系,其中免疫吸附法以酶联免疫吸附检测法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)最常用,而免疫层析法则以胶体金免疫层析技术(colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay,GICA)为代表。本文介绍了免疫学技术在食品安全快速检测中应用的原理及特点,并对酶联免疫吸附检测技术和胶体金免疫层析技术近几年来在食品安全快速检测中的应用进展进行了综述。     

疫苗算法及其在车辆故障检测中的应用

根据免疫学原理提出了一种适合于故障诊断的算法--疫苗算法.当出现未知抗原时提取系统内记忆的此类抗原特征并对其进行分析,再将此人工抗原输入到系统中刺激系统并产生相应的抗体,当此抗原再次出现时作出免疫应答.论述了抗体和抗原结构的数学模型以及抗体数据的产生机理.运用此算法开发了具有边检测边学习功能的检测系统,能够充分捕捉反映被测车辆状态的信号特征.将此算法应用于汽车驱动桥的故障检测中,准确率达到95％.工程应用表明,此算法在小样本获取、连续学习、数据压缩等方面具有明显的优越性和有效性.     

The immunomodulatory potential of natural compounds in tumor-bearing mice and humans

Abstract

Cancer is considered a fetal disease caused by uncontrolled proliferation and progression of abnormal cells. The most efficient cancer therapies suppress tumor growth, prevent progression and metastasis, and are minimally toxic to normal cells. Natural compounds have shown a variety of chemo-protective effects alone or in combination with standard cancer therapies. Along with better understanding of the dynamic interactions between our immune system and cancer development, nutritional immunology—the use of natural compounds as immunomodulators in cancer patients—has begun to emerge. Cancer cells evolve strategies that target many aspects of the immune system to escape or even edit immune surveillance. Therefore, the immunesuppressive tumor microenvironment is a major obstacle in the development of cancer therapies. Because interaction between the tumor microenvironment and the immune system is a complex topic, this review focuses mainly on human clinical trials and animal studies, and it highlights specific immune cells and their cytokines that have been modulated by natural compounds, including carotenoids, curcumin, resveratrol, EGCG, and β-glucans. These natural compounds have shown promising immune-modulating effects, such as inhibiting myeloid-derived suppressor cells and enhancing natural killer and cytolytic T cells, in tumor-bearing animal models, but their efficacy in cancer patients remains to be determined.     

食物过敏原及检测技术的研究进展

食物过敏是当前食品安全领域较为突出的问题,综述食品过敏原、过敏的免疫学发生机制及检测技术等方面的研究现状及发展展望,涉及致敏的食物种类及相应过敏原,过敏的免疫学分子发生机理,并对食物过敏原现存的检测技术做了相关的介绍。     

食源性致病菌免疫及分子检测新技术研究进展

食源性致病菌是指以食物为载体,导致人类发生疾病的细菌。传统的以培养为基础的检测方法操作复杂、特异性不强、所需时间长,而近年来发展起来的免疫学方法及分子生物学方法广泛应用于食源性致病菌的检测,克服了传统检测方法的不足。目前常用的免疫学方法主要包括ELISA、免疫磁性分离技术和免疫胶体金技术等;分子生物学方法则主要有依赖PCR的DNA指纹图谱技术、多重PCR、基因芯片、定量PCR和实时荧光定量PCR等技术。     

PET Imaging of T Cells: Target Identification and Feasibility Assessment

Imaging T cells using positron emission tomography (PET) would be highly useful for diagnosis and monitoring in immunology and oncology patients. There are, however, no obvious targets that can be used to develop imaging agents for this purpose. We evaluated several potential target proteins with selective expression in T cells, and for which lead molecules were available: protein kinase C isozyme θ (PKC θ), lymphocyte‐specific protein tyrosine kinase (Lck), zeta‐chain‐associated protein kinase 70 (ZAP70), and interleukin‐2‐inducible T‐cell kinase (Itk). Ultimately, we focused on Itk and identified a tool molecule with properties suitable for in vivo imaging of T cells: (5aR)‐5,5‐difluoro‐5a‐methyl‐N‐(1‐((S)‐3‐(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)(tetrahydro‐2H‐pyran‐4‐yl)methyl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)‐1,4,4a,5,5a,6‐hexahydrocyclopropa[f]indazole‐3‐carboxamide ( 23 ). Although it does not have the optimal profile for clinical use, this molecule indicates that it might be possible to develop Itk‐selective PET ligands for imaging the distribution of T cells in patients.