凝胶渗透色谱—气相色谱/质谱法测定塑料桶装食用油中四种邻苯二甲酸酯

建立用凝胶渗透色谱净化―气相色谱/质谱分析塑料桶装食用油中四种邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂方法。样品用环己烷―乙酸乙酯(体积比为1∶1)稀释,稀释液经Bio–Bead S–X3凝胶柱净化后,采用气相色谱―质谱在选择离子检测(SIM)模式下进行定性定量分析;结果表明,四种增塑剂在0.1 mg/L~5 mg/L范围内线性关系良好;在空白油样中添加四种增塑剂(添加水平为0.5 mg/kg、5 mg/kg、10 mg/kg)混合标准溶液,平均回收率为85.7%~108.2%,相对标准偏差为3.8%~9.2%,检出限为0.1 mg/kg~0.2 mg/kg。     

超滤法纯化甜荞麦麸皮中黄酮类化合物研究

采用Labscale TFF System对甜荞麦麸皮黄酮粗提液进行纯化,通过对3种不同分子截流量Pellicon XL Filter超滤膜进行比较,选择分子截流量为10,000超滤膜;并研究其在不同样液浓度、样液温度和操作压力下对膜通量,黄酮迁移率和黄酮纯度影响,确定最佳工艺条件。结果表明,分子截流量为10,000超滤膜在样液浓度为0.5 mg/mL、样液温度为30℃、操作压力为2bar条件下,初始膜通量为0.272 ml/cm2.min、黄酮迁移率为91.95%、纯度达28.59%。     

高效液相色谱—蒸发光散射检测法测定发芽小麦中单糖和双糖

应用高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测法测定发芽小麦中果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖及麦芽糖含量。样品经热水提取后,采用Kromasil NH2(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)柱分离,以乙腈–水(85∶15,V/V)为流动相,流速:1.5 ml/min;柱温为室温;进样量:20μl,进行定性定量分析。结果表明,该法具有灵敏度高、重现性、稳定性好、简便快速等优点,为测定发芽小麦中单糖和双糖提供准确、可靠分析方法。     

储粮害虫检测与识别技术研究进展

该文概述各种储粮害虫检测与识别技术特点及其工作原理,如粮食探管和诱捕器法、信息素诱集法、灯光诱集法、声测法、电导率检测法、近红外反射光谱识别法、机器视觉检测与识别法、软X–射线成像识别法等;并对具有开发和应用前景X–射线成像和机器视觉检测与识别技术进行探讨。     

织物稀密路成因分析及改进技术

织机送经卷取机构存在的缺陷是造成织物稀密路主要原因之一.通过调查研究,提出了一种适合国情的无梭织机机械式送经机构的改造方案.文章介绍了织机送经机构的改造技术,讨论了电子送经系统的动力、控制、张力探测部分的设计准则和选用方法.实验表明,改造后织机的织物稀密路缺陷得到了改善,稳定了织物张力波动,有效的提高了织物的质量,为其他无梭织机改造提供借鉴.     

水分与温度对根霉Q303生长繁殖的影响

根霉曲是采用纯培养技术,将根霉与酵母在麸皮上分开培养后再混合配制而成的.根霉曲具有较强的糖化发酵力,适合各种淀粉质原料小曲酿酒工艺使用.水分和温度是保证根霉Q303菌种质量的关键.在拌麸皮时加45%～50%的水较适宜;制曲过程的品温最好控制在36～38℃;前期干燥温度一般为40～45℃,后期烘干温度可控制在45～50℃.     

有机物质对烟草发状根生长及辅酶Q_(10)合成的影响

采用液体悬浮培养的方法,以中烟99品种烟草发状根为材料,研究了有机物质盐酸硫胺素、肌醇、酵母膏、L-半胱氨酸、甲硫氨酸、L-亮氨酸和L-α-丙氨酸等对烟草发状根生长和辅酶Q10生物合成的影响。结果表明,适当浓度的盐酸硫胺素、L-半胱氨酸、甲硫氨酸、L-亮氨酸和L-α-丙氨酸可明显促进发状根的生长及辅酶Q10的合成;酵母膏不利于发状根的生长和辅酶Q10的合成;肌醇可促进发状根的生长,但对辅酶Q10的合成没有促进作用。     

Overview of the potent cyanobacterial neurotoxin β-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) and its analytical determination

Blue-green algae are responsible for the production of different types of toxins which can be neurotoxic, hepatotoxic, cytotoxic and dermatotoxic and that can affect both aquatic and terrestrial life. Since its discovery the neurotoxin β-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) has been a cause for concern, being associated with the neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/Parkinsonism–dementia complex (ALS/PDC). The initial focus was on Guam where it was observed that a high number of people were affected by the ALS/PDC complex. Subsequently, researchers were surprised to find levels of BMAA in post mortem brains from Canadian patients who also suffered from ALS/PDC. Recent research demonstrates that BMAA has been found at different levels in the aquatic food web in the brackish waters of the Baltic Sea. There is emerging evidence to suggest that sand-borne algae from Qatar can also contain BMAA. Furthermore, there is now concern because BMAA has been found not only in warmer regions of the world but also in temperate regions like Europe. The aim of this review is to focus on the methods of extraction and analysis of the neurotoxic non-protein amino acid BMAA. We also consider the neurotoxicity, aetiology, and diverse sources and routes of exposure to BMAA. In recent years, different methods have been developed for the analysis of BMAA. Some of these use HPLC-FD, UPLC-UV, UPLC-MS and LC-MS/MS using samples that have been derivatised or underivatised. To date the LC-MS/MS approach is the most widely used analytical technique as it is the most selective and sensitive method for BMAA determination.     

Aerogels for thermal insulation in high-performance textiles

For many garment applications where protection is needed against hostile environments, part of the requirement is for insulation to shield the wearer from extremes of temperature. For an insulating garment to be fully effective, it needs to allow the wearer to move freely so that they can carry out their intended activity efficiently. Traditional materials achieve their insulation by trapping air within the structure thereby not only limiting heat loss by convection but also making good use of the low thermal conductivity of air to cocoon the wearer within a comfortable environment. To achieve effective protection with conventional textiles, it is usually necessary to have a thick fibrous layer, or series of layers, to trap a sufficient quantity of air to provide the required level of insulation. Several disadvantages arise as a result. For example, thick layers of insulating textile materials reduce the ability of the wearer to move in a normal manner so that the conduct of detailed manual tasks can become very difficult; the layers lose their insulating capacity when the trapped air is lost as they are compressed; the insulating capacity falls rapidly as moisture collects within the fibrous insulator – it does not have to become sensibly wet for this to happen; just 15% moisture regain can give a dramatic reduction in insulating capacity. Not surprisingly therefore, there has been continued interest in developing insulators that might be able to overcome the disadvantages of conventional textile materials and improve the mobility of the wearer by allowing the use of only a very thin layer of extremely-high insulating performance to provide the required thermal protection. One class of materials from which suitable candidates might be drawn is aerogels; their attractiveness derives from the fact that they show the highest thermal insulation capacity of any materials developed so far. Despite sporadic high levels of interest, commercialisation has been slow. Aerogels have been found to possess their own set of disadvantages such as fragility; rigidity; dust formation during working and cumbersome, expensive, batch-wise manufacturing processes. They may well have been destined to become a product of minor interest, confined to very specialist applications where cost was of little concern. However, methods have been developed to combine aerogels and fibres in composite structures which maintain extremely high insulating capacity whilst demonstrating sufficient flexibility for use in garments. Ways have been found to prevent the formation of powder as aerogel composite fabrics are worked. Most significant though, is the achievement, arising from a project supported by the Korean Government, of a simplified one-step production process developed with the express aim of providing a substantial reduction in the cost of aerogels. Suitably-priced aerogel is now available and this should provide fresh stimulus for research and development teams to engage in new product development work utilising aerogels in textiles and garments for thermal insulation. The mechanisms through which aerogels achieve their outstanding thermal insulating ability is unconventional, at least in terms of materials used in textiles. This issue of Textile Progress therefore includes detail about thermal transport in aerogels before reviewing the various forms in which aerogels can now be made, some of their applications and the research priorities that are now beginning to emerge.     

Preparation of a hydrophobic recycled jute-based nonwoven using a titanium dioxide/stearic acid coating

This work aims at developing a hydrophobic treatment for jute fiber-based nonwovens. Three solutions of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles were prepared through a sol–gel method by varying the molar ratio of the various constituents. The nonwoven was pretreated with these solutions before being impregnated with different concentrations of stearic acid. The TiO₂ nanoparticles synthesized are amorphous; their size varies with the concentration of ethanol used as a solvent in the sol–gel method. The nanoparticle coating produced on the jute fibers is uniform. The nonwoven wettability was evaluated by measuring its water contact angle and retention time; the nonwoven became hydrophobic at the lowest fatty acid concentration tested. An increase in the stability of the hydrophobicity was observed when the TiO₂ nanoparticle pretreatment was used compared to the application of the stearic acid treatment only. No detrimental effect of the hydrophobic treatment on the nonwoven mechanical performance and thermal stability was observed. These results demonstrate the potential of the TiO₂ nanoparticle/stearic acid treatment as a fast method to provide a stable hydrophobicity to recycled jute-based nonwovens.