Micro-computed tomography scanning approaches to quantify,parameterize and visualize bioturbation activity in clogged streambeds: A proof of concept

Fine particle clogging and faunal bioturbation are two key processes co-occurring in the hyporheic zone that potentially affect hyporheic exchange through modifications in the sediment structure of streambeds. Clogging results from excessive fine sediment infiltration and deposition in rivers, and it is known to decrease matrix porosity and potentially reduce permeability. Faunal bioturbation activity may compensate for the negative effect of clogging by reworking the sediment, increasing porosity, and preventing further infiltration of fines. Although both processes of clogging and bioturbation have received significant attention in the literature separately, their combined effects on streambed sediment structure are not well understood, mostly due to the lack of a standard methodology for their assessment. Here, we illustrate a novel methodology using X-ray computed tomography (CT), as proof of concept, to investigate how, together, clogging and bioturbation affect streambed porosity in a controlled flow-through flume. By visualising gallery formations of an upward conveyor macroinvertebrate; Lumbriculus variegatus as a model species, we quantified bioturbation activity in a clogged streambed, focusing on orientation, depth, and volume at downwelling and upwelling areas of the flume. Gallery creation increased the porosity of the streambed sediment, suggesting a potential improvement in permeability and a possible offset of clogging effects. We illustrate the promising use of X-ray CT as a tool to assess bioturbation in clogged streambeds, and the potential role of bioturbation activity supporting hyporheic exchange processes in streambeds, warranting further studies to understand the extent of bioturbation impacts in natural systems.     

受强弱关系理论启发的改进人工蜂群算法

针对原人工蜂群算法在寻优过程中存在收敛精度不高、容易陷入局部最优的问题,提出一种改进人工蜂群算法(SWT-ABC)。将社会学中强弱关系模型化并引入多子群矩阵式蜂群结构,定义了强关系个体从三个方向随机引导搜索,加快算法收敛速度和提高收敛精度;为增强算法跳出局部最优的能力,定义了弱关系个体交互以实现子群间信息交流来提升种群多样性;增加侦查蜂反向学习机制并确定合适的蜜源上限,能有效提升目标函数评价次数的利用效率。通过基准测试函数的数值实验并与12种改进算法进行对比,改进后的人工蜂群算法收敛精度更高、全局寻优能力更强,并且在高维优化问题求解中仍具备良好的收敛性能。     

融合了K近邻与密度峰值算法的K-means算法

初始聚类中心的随机选择,根据主观经验确定类簇数等问题时常伴随着原始K-means算法。为了攻克以上问题,改进算法采用峰值法以及融合了K近邻算法的密度峰值算法逐一调整。通过在UCI数据集上测试及与原始K-means算法、最大最小距离距离算法在准确率、稳定性和处理数据速率方面的比较,其中最为突出的是,改进算法的准确率达到了96%以上。     

A synthetical development approach for rehabilitation assistive smart product–service systems: A case study

Digital transformation (DT), the combination of information, computing, communication and connectivity technologies, which has triggered an effective upgrade of different aspects of market strategy, customer experience etc. Nowadays, rehabilitation assistive devices (RADs) are evolving to be more digital, intelligent and personalized. Digitalization and servitization have fostered to an emerging business model—the smart product–service system (Smart PSS). Therefore, DT of the RADs’ industry advocates not only the design of products and functions, the more important is the management of service processes and resource integration. With the increase in the elderly and disabled population, the requirement for RADs is becoming more urgent. However, research on Smart PSS for RAD is still limited. The rehabilitation assistive smart product–service systems (RASPSS) was introduced into the development of RADs based on the “Design and Management of DT” strategy through the service design of assistive devices and user requirements analysis. Further, an integrated design of RAD and Smart PSS has been created, a development method of RASPSS proposed, the theoretical model of the Smart PSS based on RADs built. To specify the service framework, this case study discusses the development of a home rehabilitation assistive system for femoral stem fracture patients. This paper evaluates the usability of the system, the results of which prove usability and effectiveness of the RASPSS development method. The RASPSS development model is designed to meet needs of stakeholders, improve the user rehabilitation experience, promote the service innovation of Smart PSS, bring certain market benefits of rehabilitation aids and create social value.     

基于半经典量子傅里叶变换的◢t◣-比特半经典相位估计算法实现

半经典量子傅里叶变换(quantum Fourier transform,QFT)是通过测量计算线路中特定的比特,依据测量结果经过经典信息处理控制下一个比特的变换.利用半经典量子傅里叶变换思想,提出了t-比特半经典量子相位估计算法,并在IBMQ Experience量子云平台、IBMqiskit量子模拟器和国内本源悟源云平台量子模拟器上开展了不同规模的半经典相位估计实验.实验表明,该方法提高了估计精度的同时减少了算法对线路规模和两比特受控门的依赖.     

Probabilistic and interval reliability design of the composite pressure vessel

Considering the randomness or interval character of physical parameters and applied loads of composite pressure vessels (COPV), the COPV reliability-analyzing model is built. And then the computational expressions for the mean value, standard deviation and deviation of fiber stress are deduced by the random factor method. The probabilistic and interval reliability designs on COPV are implemented by utilizing the probabilistic method and interval method combined with the improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, respectively. The influence of fluctuation of structure uncertain parameters on COPV design thickness is inspected. Finally, examples are given to demonstrate that both probabilistic and interval reliability methods can satisfy the safety requirement and both are of higher rationality than the traditional safety factor method. And probabilistic method has a lower relative error but a higher computational complexity contrasted with the interval method.     

超声左心耳图像的轮廓自动提取

针对经食道超声左心耳图像的分辨率低、对比度低、含有斑点噪声等问题,提出了一种结合左心耳解剖位置和超声图像灰度及相位信息的方法,全自动定位常规切片中的左心耳。首先,根据医生采集习惯,以左心耳在标准切面中的解剖位置为先验知识,结合其灰度特性,自动确定分割模型中的初始轮廓;然后,通过线型加权相位和梯度信息构造新的外力项,改进向量场卷积模型,完成左心耳轮廓的自动提取。300张左心耳超声图片测试结果表明,以医生手动勾勒的轮廓作为“金标准”,该方法自动提取左心耳的准确性为0.8969 0.0494、敏感性为0.9058 0.0762、特异性为0.9645 0.1687。分割效果优于传统的向量场卷积模型,能够解决自动定位超声图像中左心耳的初始轮廓和弱边界分割的问题。     

模糊系统结合蚁群算法的金具温升建模

为了得到准确可靠的阀厅连接金具温升模型,运用模糊系统结合蚁群算法的方法进行建模。在分析基本蚁群算法与梯度下降法优缺点的基础上,将两种方法结合形成改进蚁群算法,即在基本蚁群算法基础上应用梯度下降算法。通过试验得到的训练数据分别用基本蚁群算法、梯度下降算法、改进蚁群算法训练模糊系统,改进蚁群算法的收敛效果优于其他两种方法;通过试验得到的测试数据对4种方法所得的模型进行测试,由改进蚁群算法训练模糊系统所得模型的测试效果是最好的。结果表明,若能通过试验得到足量训练数据,用改进蚁群算法训练模糊系统的方法对阀厅连接金具的温升进行建模是可行的。     

大型复杂跨流域调水工程电站-水库-泵站群多目标优化调度

考虑调水量、发电最大和耗能最小3个目标,建立电站-水库-泵站群多目标优化调度模型。基于参数调整策略、邻域变异和加速策略,提出了求解多目标优化调度模型的综合改进布谷鸟新算法并求解模型,获得了发电、调水、泵站耗能多目标Pareto解集。以引汉济渭大型复杂跨流域调水工程为实例,将该模型与模拟调度模型和NSGA-Ⅱ算法多目标优化调度模型的结果进行比较,结果表明,该优化调度模型的发电、调水、耗能、弃水等各项指标合理,具有相对优势。     

Carrier leakage and I/Q mismatch calibrated technique

The carrier leakage and I/Q mismatch calibrated technique based on the digital baseband for the direct conversion transmitter is described. The proposed technique only needs a calibration chain to detect mismatches, and then transmits them to the digital baseband, which completes the calibrated task. The proposed method is very simple in reducing die areas and power dissipation. Under TSMC 013μm CMOS technology simulation, the calibrated error of carrier leakage is less than 15％ and the error of I/Q mismatch is less than 65％．The measurement results indicate that I/Q amplitude mismatch is reflected at twice the input frequency. The calibrated chain gain range is 15dB with a 5dB step, and the bandwidth is 20MHz.