气流床气化炉停留时间分布的随机模型

基于气流床气化炉流动特征 (区域模型 ) ,进行状态离散 ,建立停留时间分布随机模型。模拟结果与实验值相符 ,显示气化炉内是随机过程 ,证实炉内存在回流和短路 ,流型趋向于全混流     

A uniform approach for programming distributed heterogeneous computing systems

Large-scale compute clusters of heterogeneous nodes equipped with multi-core CPUs and GPUs are getting increasingly popular in the scientific community. However, such systems require a combination of different programming paradigms making application development very challenging.In this article we introduce libWater, a library-based extension of the OpenCL programming model that simplifies the development of heterogeneous distributed applications. libWater consists of a simple interface, which is a transparent abstraction of the underlying distributed architecture, offering advanced features such as inter-context and inter-node device synchronization. It provides a runtime system which tracks dependency information enforced by event synchronization to dynamically build a DAG of commands, on which we automatically apply two optimizations: collective communication pattern detection and device-host-device copy removal.We assess libWater’s performance in three compute clusters available from the Vienna Scientific Cluster, the Barcelona Supercomputing Center and the University of Innsbruck, demonstrating improved performance and scaling with different test applications and configurations.     

Critical transistors nexus based circuit-level aging assessment and prediction

Accurate age modeling, and fast, yet robust reliability sign-off emerged as mandatory constraints in Integrated Circuits (ICs) design for advanced process technology nodes. In this paper we introduce a novel method to assess and predict the circuit reliability at design time as well as at run-time. The main goal of our proposal is to allow for: (i) design time reliability optimization; (ii) fine tuning of the run-time reliability assessment infrastructure, and (iii) run-time aging assessment. To this end, we propose to select a minimum-size kernel of critical transistors and based on them to assess and predict an IC End-Of-Life (EOL) via two methods: (i) as the sum of the critical transistors end-of-life values, weighted by fixed topology-dependent coefficients, and (ii) by a Markovian framework applied to the critical transistors, which takes into account the joint effects of process, environmental, and temporal variations. The former model exploits the aging dependence on the circuit topology to enable fast run-time reliability assessment with minimum aging sensors requirements. By allowing the performance boundary to vary in time such that both remnant and nonremnant variations are encompassed, and imposing a Markovian evolution, the probabilistic model can be better fitted to various real conditions, thus enabling at design-time appropriate guardbands selection and effective aging mitigation/compensation techniques. The proposed framework has been validated for different stress conditions, under process variations and aging effects, for the ISCAS-85 c499 circuit, in PTM 45 nm technology. From the total of 1526 transistors, we obtained a kernel of 15 critical transistors, for which the set of topology dependent weights were derived. Our simulation results for 15 critical transistors kernel indicate a small approximation error (i.e., mean smaller than 15% and standard deviation smaller than 6%) for the considered circuit estimated end-of-life (EOL), when comparing to the end-of-life values obtained from Cadence simulation, which quantitatively confirm the accuracy of the IC lifetime evaluation. Moreover, as the number of critical transistors determines the area overhead, we also investigated the implications of reducing their number on the reliability assessment accuracy. When only 5 transistors are included into the critical set instead of 15, which results in a 66% area overhead reduction, the EOL estimation accuracy diminished with 18%. This indicates that area vs. accuracy trade-offs are possible, while maintaining the aging prediction accuracy within reasonable bounds.     

Efficient data selection for speech recognition based on prior confidence estimation using speech and monophone models

This paper proposes an efficient speech data selection technique that can identify those data that will be well recognized. Conventional confidence measure techniques can also identify well-recognized speech data. However, those techniques require a lot of computation time for speech recognition processing to estimate confidence scores. Speech data with low confidence should not go through the time-consuming recognition process since they will yield erroneous spoken documents that will eventually be rejected. The proposed technique can select the speech data that will be acceptable for speech recognition applications. It rapidly selects speech data with high prior confidence based on acoustic likelihood values and using only speech and monophone models. Experiments show that the proposed confidence estimation technique is over 50 times faster than the conventional posterior confidence measure while providing equivalent data selection performance for speech recognition and spoken document retrieval.     

八甲基环四硅氧烷与氨取代基有机硅单体的共聚动力学Ⅱ模型考核与结果讨论

对前文 (I)的共聚动力学模型进行了分析与简化 ,并分别通过对各影响因素的单因素实验和多因素相互作用实验对模型进行了进一步的考核 ,确定了模型参数并通过模型对聚合动力学行为作了说明     

A STUDY ON THE SCALING RATE MODEL OF CALCIUM CARBONATE IN SATURATED WATER SYSTEM

1 INTRODUCTIONCalcium carbonate scaling is quite common in chemical processes,especially in heatexchangers.Only limited work has been done in mathematical modelling describingthe calcium carbonate scaling phenomenon.Hasson’s ionic diffusion model happenedto be one being rather broadly accepted.     

气化炉复合炉衬的传热计算

新型 (多喷嘴对置 )水煤浆气化炉拟采用水冷管和耐火浇铸料组成的复合炉衬结构 .炉内的高温高压对复合炉衬的高温侵蚀十分严重 ,是影响其寿命的重要因素 ,因此合理设计气化炉复合炉衬的结构对充分发挥其材质的作用具有十分重要的意义 .建立了气化炉复合炉衬的传热计算的数学模型 ,同时编制了模型求解的计算程序 ,并用某工艺条件对复合炉衬的温度分布进行了计算 .结果表明 ,该方法可有效计算出复合炉衬的温度分布情况 ,为复合炉衬的设计、运行和维护提供理论依据     

淮河流域水资源短缺风险评估与时空分析

根据2003-2013年淮河流域五省的降水量、径流系数、人均水资源量、人均GDP、人口密度等相关数据,构建水资源短缺风险评价体系,用熵权法对指标赋值,运用可变模糊模型对淮河流域及各省的水资源短缺风险进行评估和时空差异分析。结果表明:2003-2013年间淮河流域水资源短缺风险值总体较高,且呈缓慢的增长趋势,2004年降水较少,风险值达到最高;十年间河南省风险增加最为明显,而山东省较为稳定,风险增加也最低;在淮河流域五个区域中,河南省的风险程度最高,达到3.52;江苏省、山东省次之;安徽省和湖北省相对较低,达到2.86和2.51。水资源短缺风险二级指标分析发现,危险性最强的是河南省,安徽省最小;水资源短缺易损性最强的是山东省,湖北省最小;水资源短缺暴露性最强的是江苏省,山东省最小;水资源短缺可恢复性最好的是湖北省,河南省最差。同时,所有评价指标中人口密度、人均GDP、降水量对水资源短缺风险的影响较大。     

落水洞对裂隙-管道介质泉流量衰减过程影响的试验研究

岩溶裂隙-管道是我国西南地区的主要地下储水空间和导水通道,落水洞是岩溶地区临时性吸收地表水流的重要过水通道,在西南地区分布密集。开展落水洞大小对裂隙-管道介质中泉流量过程影响的研究,对指导岩溶水可持续开发利用和推动岩溶水研究具有深刻意义。文章研究了落水洞对泉流量衰减过程的影响,利用自制的裂隙-管道物理模型,模拟落水洞不同断面尺寸、填充程度下的泉流量衰减过程,由衰减曲线探求衰减系数受不同因子的敏感程度。试验表明:泉流量衰减过程可分为三个亚动态,大致符合指数型衰减。其中,第一亚动态的衰减系数受落水洞断面尺寸影响较大,落水洞断面尺寸越小,衰减系数越大;落水洞的填充程度越高,衰减系数越大。     

水泥回转窑的智能控制

文章介绍了PIT Navigator对水泥熟料生产自动化控制的实现,基于神经网络的自学习、自适应控制元件,将相关的过程数据记录下来,随后借助数据关联性进行分析,在预测和自学习过程模型(模型预测控制)中处理这些数据,并计算过程参数的实时预测,使用这些工具,可以实现更稳定的窑况,同时提高产量和降低能耗。