The dynamics of daily events and well-being across cultures: When less is more.

The authors examined cultural and individual differences in the relation between daily events and daily satisfaction. In a preliminary study, they established cross-cultural equivalence of 50 daily events. In the main study, participants in the United States, Korea, and Japan completed daily surveys on the 50 events and daily satisfaction for 21 days. The multilevel random coefficient model analyses showed that (a) the within-person association between positive events and daily satisfaction was significantly stronger among Asian American, Korean, and Japanese participants than among European American participants and (b) the within-person association between positive events and daily satisfaction was significantly weaker among individuals high in global life satisfaction than among those low in global life satisfaction. The findings demonstrate a weaker effect of positive events on daily well-being among individuals and cultures high in global well-being. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Quantitative estimation: From the real world to the psychology lab.

Banaji and Crowder (see record 1990-00387-001) contend "that the movement to develop an ecologically valid psychology of memory has proven itself largely bankrupt" (p. 1185). The authors have two primary concerns. First, they believe that it is rare for studies of real-world cognition to support conclusions that generalize broadly. Second, they are concerned that such studies may be inherently incapable of making significant theoretical or methodological contributions. The research program outlined here can be viewed as a response (in the form of a case study) to the Banaji and Crowder position. Specifically, this project has adopted both theoretical and methodology perspectives from the study of real-world memory to address a long-standing issue in the mainstream memory literature. The project itself was designed to characterize the strategies used to estimate event frequency and the conditions that foster the use of these strategies. A valid model of the estimation process is necessary in order to understand the encoding and representation of event frequency. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

一种低压低功耗SRAM/SOI单元设计

提出一种改进4管自体偏压结构SRAM/SOI单元.基于TSUPREM4和MEDICI软件的模拟和结构性能的分析,设计单元结构并选取结构参数.该结构采用nMOS栅下的含p+埋沟的衬底体电阻代替传统6管CMOSSRAM单元中的pMOS元件,具有面积小、工艺简单的优点.该结构可以在0.5V的电源电压下正常工作,与6管单元相比,该单元瞬态响应正常,功耗只有6管单元的1/10,满足低压低功耗的要求.     

内嵌闪存MCU的高性能多通道24位采集系统ADuC845

ADuC845是ADI公司新推出的嵌有单指令周期8052闪存MCU、带两路24位∑ -△A/D、双12位D/A以及两个灵活脉宽调制输出的高性能24位数据采集与处理系统芯片。该芯片的数据处理速度达12MIPS,且设计简单 ,噪声低 ,非常适用于精密仪器仪表。文中详细介绍了该芯片的功能特点和工作原理 ,给出了该芯片的应用方法。     

Relationship between Relaxation Internal Friction Peak at about 200℃(f≈1Hz)and Bainitic Transformation In a CuZnAl Alloy

The present investigation showed that the re-laxation peak at about 200℃ (f≈1Hz) was relatedto bainitic transformation in a CuZnAl alloy.Thepeak decreased when bainite precipitated.Theactivation energy of the peak was the same as theapparent activation energy of bainitic transforma-tion.According to the relations between the peakand the bainitic transformation,the mechanism ofthe peak has been discussed.     

A note on calculating autocovariances of long-memory processes

In this paper, we consider a method (splitting) for calculating the auto- covariances of fractional integrated processes (ARFIMA) and generalized integrated processes (GARMA). The splitting method does not require any restriction on the autoregressive roots, and allows fast calculation of the autocovariances of these processes.     

The Structure of Working Memory From 4 to 15 Years of Age.

The structure of working memory and its development across the childhood years were investigated in children 4-15 years of age. The children were given multiple assessments of each component of the A. D. Baddeley and G. Hitch (1974) working memory model. Broadly similar linear functions characterized performance on all measures as a function of age. From 6 years onward, a model consisting of 3 distinct but correlated factors corresponding to the working memory model provided a good fit to the data. The results indicate that the basic modular structure of working memory is present from 6 years of age and possibly earlier, with each component undergoing sizable expansion in functional capacity throughout the early and middle school years to adolescence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Role of the Basal Ganglia in Category Learning: How Do Patients With Parkinson's Disease Learn?

The purpose of the present study was to gain a deeper understanding of the role of the basal ganglia in learning and memory by examining learning strategies among patients with basal ganglia dysfunction. Using a probabilistic category learning task (the "weather prediction" task) previously shown to be sensitive to basal ganglia function, the authors examined patterns of performance during learning and used mathematical models to capture different learning strategies. Results showed that patients with Parkinson's disease exhibit different patterns of strategy use. Specifically, most controls initially used a simple, but suboptimal, strategy that focused on single-cue-outcome associations; eventually, however, most controls adopted a more complex, optimal learning strategy, integrating single-cue associations to predict outcomes for multiple-cue stimuli. In contrast, the majority of individuals with Parkinson's disease continued to rely on simple single-cue learning strategies throughout the experiment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

读张抗抗《集体记忆》有感

忘记历史就意味着背叛,张抗抗在《集体记忆》中描写史志工作者在搜集史料时遇到了这种背叛现象,知情人有意无意地患上了“集体忘却”症。通过梳理此症的主要表现,即强占记忆与摧毁记忆,指出其社会文化政治因素在于建国以来的主流思想。     

Anthony D. Wagner: Award for Distinguished Scientific Early Career Contributions to Psychology.

Presents the citation for Anthony D. Wagner, who received the Award for Distinguished Scientific Early Career Contributions to Psychology (cognition and human learning) "for outstanding and innovative research on the neural basis of memory and executive control." A brief profile and a selected bibliography accompany the citation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)