动态不确定非线性系统直接自适应模糊backstepping控制

对一类单输入单输出动态不确定非线性系统,提出一种直接自适应模糊backstepping和小增益相结合的控制方法.设计中,首先用模糊逻辑系统逼近虚拟控制器:其次把自适应模糊控制和backstepping控制设计技术相结合.给出了直接自适应模糊控制设计方法.最后基于Lyapunov函数和小增益方法证明了整个闭环系统的稳定性.仿真实例进一步验证了所提方法的有效性.     

基于需求响应的虚拟电厂多时间尺度优化调度

随着我国不断加快新型电力系统建设,风电、光伏等越来越多的分布式资源大规模并网,但其随机性、波动性及分散性的特点给电力系统带来了多重不确定性。提出了一种考虑价格型需求响应的虚拟电厂多时间尺度优化调度方法,在日内调度模型中引入用户价格型需求响应,对用户负荷进行精准调控;采用基于蒙特卡罗与曼哈顿概率距离的场景生成与削减法处理风光出力、电价不确定性,减少日前日内出力偏差,再结合日前调度构成了多时间尺度优化调度模型,并采用滚动优化得到日内优化调度结果。以湖南某小型虚拟电厂系统进行算例仿真,结果表明,所提多时间尺度优化调度策略能够精确预测风光出力及用户负荷,在有效抑制功率波动的同时保证了系统的经济性。     

SGCMGs驱动的挠性航天器有限时间自适应鲁棒控制

针对挠性航天器系统中同时存在单框架控制力矩陀螺群(Single gimbaled control moment gyroscopes, SGCMGs) 摩擦非线性、电磁干扰力矩、惯量摄动以及外部干扰等问题, 提出了一种有限时间自适应鲁棒控制(Finite-time adaptive robust control, FTARC) 方法. 针对系统中存在未知参数的情况, 分别设计自适应更新律, 使得控制器的设计不依赖参数信息, 同时减小外部干扰对系统的不利影响. 应用Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了闭环系统姿态角误差和姿态角速度误差可在有限时间内收敛到原点附近的邻域内. 仿真结果表明, 所提控制律可实现挠性航天器姿态快速机动, 并获得甚高指向精度.     

Quantification of margins and uncertainties: Example analyses from reactor safety and radioactive waste disposal involving the separation of aleatory and epistemic uncertainty

In 2001, the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) in conjunction with the national security laboratories (i.e., Los Alamos National Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, and Sandia National Laboratories) initiated development of a process designated quantification of margins and uncertainties (QMU) for the use of risk assessment methodologies in the certification of the reliability and safety of the nation's nuclear weapons stockpile. A previous presentation, “Quantification of Margins and Uncertainties: Conceptual and Computational Basis,” describes the basic ideas that underlie QMU and illustrates these ideas with two notional examples. The basic ideas and challenges that underlie NNSA's mandate for QMU are present, and have been successfully addressed, in a number of past analyses for complex systems. To provide perspective on the implementation of a requirement for QMU in the analysis of a complex system, three past analyses are presented as examples: (i) the probabilistic risk assessment carried out for the Surry Nuclear Power Station as part of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission's (NRC's) reassessment of the risk from commercial nuclear power in the United States (i.e., the NUREG-1150 study), (ii) the performance assessment for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant carried out by the DOE in support of a successful compliance certification application to the U.S. Environmental Agency, and (iii) the performance assessment for the proposed high-level radioactive waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada, carried out by the DOE in support of a license application to the NRC. Each of the preceding analyses involved a detailed treatment of uncertainty and produced results used to establish compliance with specific numerical requirements on the performance of the system under study. As a result, these studies illustrate the determination of both margins and the uncertainty in margins in real analyses.     

Efficient shape optimization for certain and uncertain aerodynamic design

In this paper, we present novel developments in aerodynamic shape optimization based on shape calculus as well as the proper treatment of aleatoric uncertainties in the field of aerodynamic design.     

An adaptive control scheme using multiple reference models

This paper develops an extended model reference adaptive control scheme to expand the capacity of state feedback state tracking adaptive control to handle the plant‐model matching uncertainties for single‐input LTI systems. The extended scheme is developed, using multiple reference model systems (only one of which is required to be able to match the controlled plant), and multiple controllers (which are updated from adaptive laws generated from multiple reference model systems based estimation errors), as two key features of such design to relax a plant‐model matching condition. A switching mechanism is constructed using those multiple estimation errors, capable of selecting the suitable control input from the multiple control signals, to achieve the desired system performance. An aircraft flight control example is presented to show the capacity of such design in relaxing a practical design condition. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种基于薄塑料闪烁体探测器的定向剂量当量率监测仪研制

基于薄塑料闪烁体探测器,采用MC模拟优化了定向剂量当量率监测仪探头组合结构。研制的用于弱贯穿辐射监测的定向剂量当量率仪,在10 μSv/h～100 mSv/h范围内,相对固有误差＜± 6%;⁸⁵Kr的β辐射场中,-60°～60°范围内角度响应好于± 40%;β辐射平均能量在60 keV～800 keV内,能量响应变化在-24%～49%范围内;变异系数小于2%。实验测量结果表明,该定向剂量当量率仪辐射性能满足GB/T 4835.1—2012要求。     

Experimental study of neutron counting in a zero-power reactor driven by a neutron source inherent in highly enriched uranium fuels

Even a zero-power reactor core containing highly enriched uranium has a weak neutron source inherent in uranium 235, and consequently, a neutron counter placed closely to the core without external neutron source registers a certain counting rate. The study of the counting is very important for zero-power reactor physics experiments with a high precision. In this experimental study, first, at a shutdown state of the UTR-Kinki reactor without start-up neutron source, a pulse height distribution of output signals from a neutron proportional counter was measured to confirm that these signals resulted from neutron detections. At several subcritical states of the UTR, then, the Feynman-α analysis was carried out to confirm that the neutrons detected by the counter must be fission neutrons multiplied by fission chain reactions. The correlation amplitude measured in the Feynman-α analysis was much higher than that measured in a previous drive by start-up source. Further, it was also confirmed that the subcriticality dependence of neutron counting rate followed the source multiplication formula. This feature indicated that the one-point model was very successful in the subcritical range including the shutdown state.     

冶金动力旋转设备机械强度分析与状态智能监测

以焦化厂导焦除尘风机为例,对于节能改造后调速运行的大型动力旋转设备的疲劳强度进行了计算分析,结果表明,对于承受交变应力的旋转设备,应充分考虑尺寸系数和构件残余应力对所选材料疲劳强度极限值的影响,对其核心部件进行抗疲劳设计和校核工作。同时对激振力与旋转设备固有频率耦合振动的现象作了定性分析和说明。鉴于该类设备对生产工艺和产能实现的重要程度,引入了设备状态智能监测系统,对该系统的架构和功能作了阐述,并确定了下一步的主要研究方向。     

手持式激光测距仪"测距标准偏差综合评定"的扩展不确定度

在确定的函数关系(数学模型)中,因变量(输出量)随自变量(输入量)的变化规律完全由数学逻辑所确定,自变量到因变量的传递系数(灵敏系数)也可由因变量的标准差和自变量的标准差之比所决定,而与自变量的来历(测量的或者给定的)没有关系[1].本文根据这一基本原理,采用模拟自变量随机变化的方法,成功计算了手持式激光测距仪的测距固定偏差和比例偏差系数的测量不确定度,从而计算出测距标准差综合评定的扩展不确定度,同时解决了复杂的数学模型中多个输入量到输出量的灵敏系数和输出量的不确定度的计算问题.