Strategic advantages of interoperability for global manufacturing using CNC technology

In the domain of manufacturing, computer numerically controllers (CNC) technology is a major contributor to the production capacity of the enterprises. The advances in CNC technology coupled with enhancements in computing systems have provided the basis to re-examine the way in which computer-aided systems (CAx) can be used to enable global manufacturing. Interoperability of the various components of the CAx chain is therefore a major prerequisite for manufacturing enterprises for becoming strategically agile and consequently globally competitive. Being interoperable, resources can be utilized interchangeably in a plug-and-produce manner. Over the last 8 years the eminence of a STEP standard for machining entitled STEP-NC (numerical control) has become a well-known vehicle for research to improve the level of information availability at the CNC machine tool. In this paper, the authors introduce the background to the evolution of CNC manufacturing over the last 50 years and the current standards available for programming. A review of the literature in interoperable CNC manufacturing is then provided relating to milling, turn–mill and other NC processes. The major part of the paper provides a strategic view of how interoperability can be implemented across the CAx chain with a range of standards used to regulate the flow of information. Finally, the paper outlines the advantages and major issues for future developments in interoperability, identifying future key requirements and limiting factors.     

Exact methods and a heuristic for the optimization of an integrated replenishment-storage planning problem

In this paper we study the coordination of different activities in a supply chain issued from a real case. Multiple suppliers send raw materials (RMs) to a distribution center (DC) that delivers them to a unique plant where the storage of the RMs and the finished goods is not possible. Then, the finished goods are directly shipped to multiple customers having just‐in‐time (JIT) demands. Under these hypotheses, we show that the problem can be reduced to multiple suppliers and one DC. Afterwards, we analyze two cases; in the first, we consider an uncapacitated storage at DC, and in the second, we analyze the capacitated storage case. For the first case, we show that the problem is NP‐hard in the ordinary sense using the Knapsack decision problem. We then propose two exact methods: a mixed integer linear program (MILP) and a pseudopolynomial dynamic program. A classical dynamic program and an improved one using the idea of Shaw and Wagelmans are given. With numerical tests we show that the dynamic program gives the optimal solution in reasonable time for quite large instances compared with the MILP. For the second case, the capacity limitation in DC is assumed, which makes the problem solving more challenging. We propose an MILP and a dynamic programming‐based heuristic that provides solutions close to the optimal solution in very short times.     

A methodology to incorporate product mix variations in cellular manufacturing

The identification of part families and machine groups that form the cells is a major step in the development of a cellular manufacturing system and, consequently, a large number of concepts, theories and algorithms have been proposed. One common assumption for most of these cell formation algorithms is that the product mix remains stable over a period of time. In today’s world, the market demand is being shaped by consumers resulting in a highly volatile market. This has given rise to a new class of products characterized by low volume and high variety. To incorporate product mix changes into an existing cellular manufacturing system many important issues have to be tackled. In this paper, a methodology to incorporate new parts and machines into an existing cellular manufacturing system has been presented. The objective is to fit the new parts and machines into an existing cellular manufacturing system thereby increasing machine utilization and reducing investment in new equipment.     

Optimal job sequence determination and operation machine allocation in flexible manufacturing systems: an approach using adaptive hierarchical ant colony algorithm

In this paper, an Adaptive Hierarchical Ant Colony Optimization (AHACO) has been proposed to resolve the traditional machine loading problem in Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS). Machine loading is one of the most important issues that is interlinked with the efficiency and utilization of FMS. The machine loading problem is formulated in order to minimize the system unbalance and maximize the throughput, considering the job sequencing, optional machines and technological constraints. The performance of proposed AHACO has been tested over a number of benchmark problems taken from the literature. Computational results indicate that the proposed algorithm is more effective and produces promising results as compared to the existing solution methodologies in the literature. The evaluation and comparison of system efficiency and system utilization justifies the supremacy of the algorithm. Further, results obtained from the proposed algorithm have been compared with well known random search algorithm viz. genetic algorithm, simulated annealing, artificial Immune system, simple ant colony optimization, tabu search etc. In addition, the algorithm has been tested over a randomly generated problem set of varying complexities; the results validate the robustness and scalability of the algorithm utilizing the concepts of ‘heuristic gap’ and ANOVA analysis.     

综合电子系统嵌入式计算机技术

随着信息技术的发展,传统的机械化战争模式正向信息化战争方向发展.武器平台的信息化成为综合电子系统嵌入式计算机发展的强大推动力.该文通过研究,给出综合电子系统嵌入式计算机的体系结构、高速交换网络、模块结构、供电网络、实时分布操作系统、冗余设计和功能重组等.     

基于Web的岩心图文信息系统设计与实现

在石油地质部门,重要的地质参数都来自于钻井开采出来的岩心,岩心的管理就显得尤其重要。随着网络的普及,岩心图片以及相关信息能够及时地在远程查看分析,已经成为一个重要的课题。该文通过对岩心相关信息的分析和研究,提出了将最新的网络开发技术应用到岩心图文信息系统的设计与开发中的方法。按照该思路对系统进行设计,最后采用ASP.NET+SQL SERVER2005的方式对该系统进行开发,并以信息检索和三维重建原理为例介绍系统实现的主要方法。     

小城镇综合地理信息系统的设计与开发

针对小城镇管理的现状和发展需求,结合小城镇的经济承受能力和科技力量,采用组件式GIS与可视化开发语言的集成二次开发方式,设计和开发了实用的小城镇综合地理信息系统.介绍了系统的技术框架,以其中的土壤资源管理子系统为例说明系统的开发过程,讨论了系统建设需要解决的几项关键问题.通过该系统可实现小城镇的资源、规划管理及工业、农业、商业,税务.交通等的统计、查询、分析及决策功能,同时可提供相应的图文资料.     

两级故障检测在SINS-Galileo-北斗组合中的应用研究

针对联邦滤波器子系统同时存在硬故障和软故障问题,提出一种适用于联邦滤波结构的两级故障检测方法。首先,构造联邦结构残差2χ检验法对系统硬故障进行检测,再用第k-m步未发生故障时的全局最优估计信息构造滑动残差检验函数,对未检测出的软故障进行时间积累,进而检测软故障,同时,联邦滤波信息分配系数根据软故障检测函数进行自适应调节。通过SINS-Galileo-北斗组合导航系统仿真对比分析了基于局部滤波残差2χ检验法和本文提出的故障检测方法,结果表明:该故障检测方法对系统硬故障和软故障具有较高的故障检测灵敏度,能够提高组合导航系统的可靠性。     

柔性作业车间调度中的组合遗传优化研究

针对柔性作业车间调度问题,提出一种组合遗传算法。该算法在种群初始化、选择、交叉、变异各阶段,组合使用各种不同的策略。针对机器编码部分的交叉,提出一种基于工件的机器交叉算子,用以改进机器分配部分随机交叉引起的对父代优秀基因继承不足的缺陷。通过对典型算例的计算以及与其他文献的研究成果比较,证明该算法的优良性能。     

飞机主系统液压泵转速测试仪的设计与仿真

为给主系统液压泵转速装置的定检提供参考,设计了主系统液压泵转速测试仪。硬件设计包括单片机和液晶显示器四个模块;软件设计包括定时器T0的中断服务、计数器T1的脉冲计数和液晶的驱动三个模块。基于Proteus平台并利用模拟的霍尔脉冲信号对设计进行了仿真,结果表明,测试仪的软硬件设计正确。