桥梁信息化及智能桥梁2020年度研究进展

以信息化、智能化为特征的数字化时代的到来推动了桥梁工程技术的发展与创新,有必要将云计算、大数据、人工智能、3D打印、机器人等战略性新兴产业技术与桥梁工程相融合,从智能设计、智能施工、智能运维等多个维度,推进桥梁工业化、数字化、智能化升级。本文从桥梁信息化、智能检测与安全运维、智能防灾减灾、智能材料等方面,综述了2020年该领域前沿技术和重要成果,总结了研究热点与前景展望。分析表明：BIM技术可以提升桥梁正向设计精细化水平、施工过程控制和管理准确化程度;无人机、机器人等智能检测技术与机器学习、卷积神经网络等人工智能技术提高了桥梁检测的精度和效率;高性能智能材料的应用促进了桥梁结构的自感知性、自适应性、自调节性和自诊断性;基于人工智能的自然灾害监测与预警为桥梁智能防灾减灾提供了新的发展思路。未来应将人工智能技术深度融合桥梁设计、建造和养护的全生命周期,顺应信息化、智能化的发展趋势,实现桥梁强国梦。     

先进控制技术在波浪发电系统中的应用

由于波浪储量丰富,具有随机性,如何控制波能转换系统捕获最大波能和控制并网电能质量成为波浪发电的核心问题。简述了波能转换装置实现最大波能捕获的方法,综述了滑模变结构控制、自适应控制、最优控制、智能算法、模糊控制、无源控制在控制最大波能捕获以及改善电能质量方面的研究成果。并提出未来的控制算法应是多种先进控制算法相结合。     

基于异构物联网络的输电线路智慧巡检方法

为解决高海拔地区输电线路运行维护检修存在的传感器供电可靠性差、无移动信号区域数据传输难度大的问题,文中提出了一种基于异构物联网络的输电线路智慧巡检方法。首先,研究了风光协同的传感器供电技术,实现了高海拔地区恶劣环境下输电线路监测传感器的可靠供电;其次,建立了异构的输电线路物联网络,实现了输电线路无移动信号传感器的数据采集。在此基础上,通过深度学习对所采集数据样本进行分析,实现对输电线路的智慧巡检;最后,将所提方法在某无信号地区110 kV线路的现场运行,其结果验证了所提方法的有效性和可行性。     

Hygroresponsive Torsional Yarns and Actuators Based on Cascade Amplification of the Deformation

Fiber-based hygroresponsive torsional actuators provide desirable merits, such as light weight and shapeability, for developing smart systems to harvest energy from moisture which is a ubiquitous natural resource. A key challenge in this development is to realize moisture-triggered actuation combining large actuation and rapid responses. Here, a multiscale design strategy is explored to create high-performance hygroresponsive torsional actuators consisting of chitosan and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The superior actuation performance arises from the synergism of contributing factors at different scales, including 1) MWNCTs accelerate the water transport in primary twisted fibers (PTFs), fostering the rotation of PTFs upon moisture stimuli; 2) in situ-formed hierarchically-assembled twists realize cascade amplification of moisture-triggered actuation. Specifically, PTFs are self-twisted to generate secondary helical yarns, that are subsequently over-twisted to yield tertiary coiled yarn. The resultant yarn actuator can reach a maximum rotation speed of 11 400 rpm in 5 s, output gravitational potential energy of 2.4 J kg⁻¹ and gravitational potential power of 0.053 W kg⁻¹ during contraction. This work represents the first design of fiber-based actuators by virtue of moisture-triggered in situ formation of yarns. The established principles of multiscale design will enable high-performance fiber-based hygroresponsive actuators toward advanced intelligent textile and soft robotics.     

基于多变量解耦控制的配电网单相接地故障集成化柔性消弧方法

随着静止无功补偿装置、柔性消弧装置、大功率逆变器等电力电子装备应用逐渐增多,配电网柔性化加快发展,但已有电力电子装备存在功能单一、成本高等问题.基于直流侧并接储能元件的直挂式级联H桥变流器,将多变量解耦控制方法与电流消弧方法相结合,实现柔性电力电子装备输出电流在dq0坐标系下的独立调节,使单套柔性电力电子装备同时集成配电网有功功率、无功功率双向流动控制,以及单相接地故障柔性消弧功能,有效提高电力电子装备的利用效率.理论分析以及功率控制和单相接地故障消弧建模仿真结果验证了所提方法的可行性.     

冷轧带钢板形测控技术的发展状况和关键问题

 冷轧带钢属于高端精品钢材,板形在线检测与控制是冷轧带钢的高端核心关键技术。自主创新研制板形测控系统是实现中国钢铁工业发展升级、建设钢铁强国的重大需求。目前,板形测控技术市场国外占据优势,国产系统正在代替进口,扩大应用规模,推进技术完善。研制先进的板形测控系统需要解决的关键技术有高精度高质量的板形仪、功能完备强大的控制手段和方法、高精度高速度的数学模型。板形仪主要有接触式和非接触式两大类,接触式板形仪通过测量带钢张力的横向分布反映板形,非接触式板形仪通过测量带钢浪形反映板形。接触式板形仪可靠耐用精度高,应用广泛,发展趋势为整辊式板形检测辊、无线式信号传输装置、板形数据的精确处理。板形控制数学模型的主要类型,按建模的原理和方法可分为机理模型和智能模型;按模型的性质和作用可分为分析模型和控制模型;按板形的表示方法可分为多点控制模型和分量控制模型。板形控制模型的发展趋势为机理与智能协同建模、动态模拟预报和动态解耦控制、多种手段和方法的协同优化。进一步提高板形测控技术水平需要突破3项关键问题,即整辊式板形仪通道耦合与解耦的机理模型、板形控制的动态模拟和动态解耦模型、板形控制的高精度智能建模方法。     

弧焊逆变电源的发展趋势分析

本文针对弧焊逆变电源中的几个关键问题，如功率开关器件的性能特点，增大输出变压器的功率，逆变电源的智能控制等，评述了当前的技术水平及今后的发展趋势。     

DECOUPLER DESIGN AND CONTROL SYSTEM TUNING BY INA FOR DISTILLATION COMPOSITION CONTROL†

Six distillation column models have been used in studies of the usefulness of the Inverse Nyquist Array (INA) method for design of dual composition control for distillation. Five of the column models are experimental, one describing an industrial column, the others four pilot plants. One column model is obtained by modeling from first principles.

The control strategies investigated and compared are multiloop SISO, 2-way decoupling and l-way decoupling. The control variables are the standard ones, i.e. reflux flow and boilup.

In most of the cases INA has been found to be a useful tool for design of the loops and for comparison of the different control approaches. INA has also been found to be useful for simultaneous tuning of the decouplers and the feedback controllers.

For 2-way decoupling the criterion to minimize interaction at the critical frequency for each primary feedback loop has been found useful in most, but not all, cases. The scheme can be designed by pure gains in the decouplers and there is no reason to introduce dynamics into the decouplers—the systems studied are already sufficiently rich in dynamics.

INA has been found to be a suitable vehicle for the choice between the two possible l-way decoupling schemes.

With the design approach taken, l-way decoupling has been found to provide considerably better control quality than 2-way decoupling in two of the six systems, the differences in control quality being small in the other cases.

The effect of model mismatching on the results, caused e.g. by process nonlinearities, is discussed and simple rules to decrease the parameter sensitivity for 2-way decoupling schemes are given. When model mismatching is considered, the advantage of l-way decoupling over 2-way decoupling seems to increase.

One deficiency of the INA design as used in this paper is that it does not single out the design which is to be preferred on the grounds of robustness.     

硅酸根分析仪在火电厂水处理中的应用

FIA－33型自动分析仪是采用先进的流动注射技术，固体冷光源光纤技术及现代微机技术相结合的一种智能型在线水质分析仪器，成功地实现 了锅炉水（汽）硅酸根的快速在线实时监测，阐述了硅酸根自动分析仪的特点，分析流程及工作原理，并结合近几年来的现场应用实践进行分析总结。     

Decision support and intelligent systems in the textile and apparel supply chain: An academic review of research articles

This article provides a comprehensive review of research articles related to the application of decision support and intelligent systems in the textile and apparel supply chains. Data were obtained from 77 articles published from 1994 to 2009 in 35 journals. The articles were categorized according to their applicability into three basic sectors – textile production, apparel manufacture, and distribution/sales. They were further categorized into 16 subsectors based on their operational and management/control processes. A comprehensive list of categorized journal articles identified in this study provides insights and relevant references for both researchers and practitioners on the application of decision support and intelligent systems to various stages of a textile and apparel supply chain. In light of the developed classification framework, we identify gaps in extending the use of the decision support and artificial intelligent systems in the industry and suggest potential and applicable research areas for further consideration in this subject area.