基于雾气特征与不等关系约束的去雾方法

针对现有去雾算法未充分考虑图像雾气信息、复原图像细节模糊等问题,提出一种新颖的反映图像雾信息分布的雾气特征图,并采用不等关系约束方法提高图像质量。首先,提取退化图像的极值通道以实现雾气信息的粗略估计,并通过L-1正则化对其进行优化从而得到雾气特征图。其次,提出一种基于雾气特征的初级大气光幕函数,通过对颜色通道和大气光幕作深入分析,利用均值不等式获得约束后的退化场景大气光幕。最后,利用雾气特征图对局部大气光进行改进,并基于大气散射模型实现图像去雾。将所提算法在真实雾图和合成数据集雾图上与其他经典方法进行比较分析,可以发现,所提算法在单幅图像去雾中展现了较好的性能,且在夜间雾图复原中更具优势。     

Localized Heat Therapy Improves Mitochondrial Respiratory Capacity but Not Fatty Acid Oxidation

AIM: Mild heat stress can improve mitochondrial respiratory capacity in skeletal muscle. However, long-term heat interventions are scarce, and the effects of heat therapy need to be understood in the context of the adaptations which follow the more complex combination of stimuli from exercise training. The purpose of this work was to compare the effects of 6 weeks of localized heat therapy on human skeletal muscle mitochondria to single-leg interval training. METHODS: Thirty-five subjects were assigned to receive sham therapy, short-wave diathermy heat therapy, or single-leg interval exercise training, localized to the quadriceps muscles of the right leg. All interventions took place 3 times per week. Muscle biopsies were performed at baseline, and after 3 and 6 weeks of intervention. Mitochondrial respiratory capacity was assessed on permeabilized muscle fibers via high-resolution respirometry. RESULTS: The primary finding of this work was that heat therapy and exercise training significantly improved mitochondrial respiratory capacity by 24.8 ± 6.2% and 27.9 ± 8.7%, respectively (p < 0.05). Fatty acid oxidation and citrate synthase activity were also increased following exercise training by 29.5 ± 6.8% and 19.0 ± 7.4%, respectively (p < 0.05). However, contrary to our hypothesis, heat therapy did not increase fatty acid oxidation or citrate synthase activity. CONCLUSION: Six weeks of muscle-localized heat therapy significantly improves mitochondrial respiratory capacity, comparable to exercise training. However, unlike exercise, heat does not improve fatty acid oxidation capacity.     

神华煤燃烧性能及其在火电机组"上大压小"中的作用

在总结神华煤及与其他动力煤配煤特性的基础上,重点分析神华煤与其他动力煤不同掺烧比条件下锅炉运行的经济性能、环保性能及其他性能,突出神华煤在火电机组"上大压小"中的重要作用。     

The Potentiality of Plant-Derived Nanovesicles in Human Health—A Comparison with Human Exosomes and Artificial Nanoparticles

Research in science and medicine is witnessing a massive increases in literature concerning extracellular vesicles (EVs). From a morphological point of view, EVs include extracellular vesicles of a micro and nano sizes. However, this simplistic classification does not consider both the source of EVs, including the cells and the species from which Evs are obtained, and the microenvironmental condition during EV production. These two factors are of crucial importance for the potential use of Evs as therapeutic agents. In fact, the choice of the most suitable Evs for drug delivery remains an open debate, inasmuch as the use of Evs of human origin may have at least two major problems: (i) autologous Evs from a patient may deliver dangerous molecules; and (ii) the production of EVs is also limited to cell factory conditions for large-scale industrial use. Recent literature, while limited to only a few papers, when compared to the papers on the use of human EVs, suggests that plant-derived nanovesicles (PDNV) may represent a valuable tool for extensive use in health care.     

Responses of Growth,Oxidative Injury and Chloroplast Ultrastructure in Leaves of Lolium perenne and Festuca arundinacea to Elevated O3 Concentrations

The effects of increasing atmospheric ozone (O₃) concentrations on cool-season plant species have been well studied, but little is known about the physiological responses of cool-season turfgrass species such as Lolium perenne and Festuca arundinacea exposed to short-term acute pollution with elevated O₃ concentrations (80 ppb and 160 ppb, 9 h d⁻¹) for 14 days, which are widely planted in urban areas of Northern China. The current study aimed to investigate and compare O₃ sensitivity and differential changes in growth, oxidative injury, antioxidative enzyme activities, and chloroplast ultrastructure between the two turf-type plant species. The results showed that O₃ decreased significantly biomass regardless of plant species. Under 160 ppb O₃, total biomass of L. perenne and F. arundinacea significantly decreased by 55.3% and 47.8% (p < 0.05), respectively. No significant changes were found in visible injury and photosynthetic pigment contents in leaves of the two grass species exposed to 80 ppb O₃, except for 160 ppb O₃. However, both 80 ppb and 160 ppb O₃ exposure induced heavily oxidative stress by high accumulation of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species in leaves and damage in chloroplast ultrastructure regardless of plant species. Elevated O₃ concentration (80 ppb) increased significantly the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidaseby 77.8%, 1.14-foil and 34.3% in L. perenne leaves, and 19.2%, 78.4% and 1.72-fold in F. arundinacea leaves, respectively. These results showed that F. arundinacea showed higher O₃ tolerance than L. perenne. The damage extent by elevated O₃ concentrations could be underestimated only by evaluating foliar injury or chlorophyll content without considering the internal physiological changes, especially in chloroplast ultrastructure and ROS accumulation.     

The dynamics of disruption from altered auditory feedback: Further evidence for a dissociation of sequencing and timing.

Three experiments were designed to test whether perception and action are coordinated in a way that distinguishes sequencing from timing (Pfordresher, 2003). Each experiment incorporated a trial design in which altered auditory feedback (AAF) was presented for varying lengths of time and then withdrawn. Experiments 1 and 2 included AAF that resulted in action-effect asynchronies (delayed auditory feedback) during simple tapping (Experiment 1) and melody production (Experiment 2). Asynchronous AAF immediately slowed production; this effect then diminished rapidly after removal of AAF. By contrast, sequential alterations of feedback pitch during melody production (Experiment 3) had an effect that varied over successive presentations of AAF (by increasing error rates) that lasted after its withdrawal. The presence of auditory feedback after withdrawal of asynchronous AAF (Experiments 1 and 2) led to overcompensation of timing, whereas the presence of auditory feedback did not influence performance after withdrawal of AAF in Experiment 3. Based on these results, we suggest that asynchronous AAF perturbs the phase of an internal timekeeper, whereas alterations to feedback pitch over time degrade the internal representation of sequence structure. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

大规模风电接入对美国电力系统运行的影响和平抑策略

至2010年底,美国的风电装机容量仅次于中国,居世界第二。考虑政府的支持政策和可观的风资源储量,有专家预见,未来美国40%的电能可来自于风力发电。在详细分析大规模风电接入对美国电力系统运行产生的影响的基础上,文中提出了需应对的几个方面的挑战。分析结果显示,最关键的挑战来自于风电功率的波动特性,可将其转化为系统负荷减去风...     

基于分布式OPC、组件连接件和Web Service的电站远程监控系统设计

提出了一种基于分布式OPC、组件连接件和Web Service技术的电站远程监控系统的体系结构.在该结构中,测控终端可分布在广大的区域内,在每个终端点上,不同种类的现场数据采集或执行模块与工业控制计算机使用模拟或现场总线方式连接,工业控制机作为终端点的智能端.各个智能端主要由数据服务模块、组件连接件和Web Servi...     

电厂优化配煤的不确定性机会约束非线性规划方法

动力配煤是适合中国国情的一种洁净煤技术,可以改善燃煤电厂的经济效益和燃烧性能。动力配煤技术的关键在于优化求解,然而煤质参数是不确定的和可变的,电厂优化配煤决策必须处理这些不确定性。文中建立了一个不确定性机会约束非线性规划模型(inexact chance-constrained nonl- inear programming, ICCNLP)来处理不确定条件下电厂优化配煤问题。ICCNLP可有效处理以区间或概率密度分布表征的不确定性,并评估为实现系统成本最小而需承担的违反约束的风险水平,如超出硫排放标准的风险。结果表明,ICCNLP可得到稳定和可行的区间解,决策者可根据实际情况,在解区间内调整决策变量值,从而得到多个决策替代方案。