Efficiency of repeated batch penicillin fermentation using two fermentors. Computer simulation and optimisation

Repeated batch operation using two fermentors (RBTF) to penicillin fermentation was demonstrated by computer simulation to improve productivity. Three operation modes were compared: chemostat, repeated batch operation using a single fermentor (RBSF) and RBTF; in each case account was made of the lag period before growth. The simulated fermentor performances were assessed on the basis of the penicillin productivity and concentration; the simulation was based on published batch fermentation data. It was shown that RBTF was superior to RBSF and chemostat. The advantage of RBTF increased as the lag period became greater.     

Specification methods for material-handling control algorithms in flexible manufacturing systems

Good methods are needed to specify, test, and debug material-handling control logic. This article surveys a number of representative methods for defining and describing control algorithms for programmable material-handling equipment used in flexible manufacturing systems. The methods are evaluated with regard to their suitability for communication between people and as bases for interfaces to automatic program generators. It is concluded that no single method is entirely satisfactory. Three methods (position diagrams, function block diagrams, and operation networks) have potential to be combined into an effective hybrid approach that minimizes the need for the user to switch between various conceptual models.     

首钢2号高炉的技术进步

介绍首钢2号高炉大修采用的新技术、开炉操作和投产以来的生产情况。     

永州电力通信交换网集中操作和维护的实现

分析实现永州电力通信交换网集中操作和维护的必要性，介绍了实现程控交换机远程操作和维护的两种方式，总结在实践过程中所得到的经验和教训。     

Expert system for dispatch control in restoration of ehv power system after complete blackout

Present-day power systems operate with high reliability, and it is rare that a blackout will extend over an entire system swiftly and securely. This paper considers automatic power supply to loads after a complete blackout of a system. First, taking into account characteristics of generators, loads, and initial power sources, a method is proposed of allocating several generators to each load in parallel to the system and supplying power to the load sequentially. Second, to remove the imbalance between supply and demand of power, a method is proposed of adjusting the amount of supply and generation according to a present imbalance and the sum of past ones. Third, to automatically issue orders for start-up, parallel, follow-up, stand-by, and stoppage of generators, several rules for each power station are set and an expert system is made based on them. Finally, the expert system is applied to a model power system, and it is verified that it can restore loads without any trouble for a complete blackout which occur at any time of a day and in any restoration pattern.     

Positive state‐bounding observer for positive interval continuous‐time systems with time delay

This paper is concerned with the problem of positive observer synthesis for positive systems with both interval parameter uncertainties and time delay. Conventional observers may no longer be applicable for such kind of systems due to the positivity constraint on the observers, and they only provide an estimate of the system state in an asymptotic way. A pair of positive observers with state‐bounding feature is proposed to estimate the state of positive systems at all times in this paper. A necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of desired observers is first established, and the observer matrices can be obtained easily through the solutions of a set of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Then, to reduce the error signal between the system state and its estimates, an iterative LMI algorithm is developed to compute the optimized state‐bounding observer matrices. Finally, a numerical example is presented to show the effectiveness and applicability of the theoretical results. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

露天开采下盘无台阶采矿法

新桥硫矿首次在国内推行露天开采下盘无台阶采矿新工艺,该工艺具有剥岩少、基建快、出矿早、采矿工程延深快等特点。由于该工艺具有独特的靠帮方式和端部过渡方式,需严格控制底盘因爆破而导致的岩体滑动。该工艺的实施已取得了显著的经济效益。     

大变幅扬程多机组泵站并联运行水泵性能分析

分析了大变幅扬程下灌溉泵站并联运行水泵机组性能,提出了提高泵站装置效率的方法。     

基于VVeb2.0数字环境的本土服装品牌发展策略研究

数字化虚拟经营正成为数字化知识经济时代下创意型本土服装品牌萌芽、发展的主要手段.首先通过对本土服装品牌数字化进程的阶段性划分、归纳以及Web2.0数字化环境的综合分析,总结出本土服装品牌存在的问题;通过分析问题成因及借鉴案例,探讨应对数字化环境的策略,并设计了一套针对性较强的品牌营销方案,以期能够帮助解决一些实际问题.     

Probabilistic and interval reliability design of the composite pressure vessel

Considering the randomness or interval character of physical parameters and applied loads of composite pressure vessels (COPV), the COPV reliability-analyzing model is built. And then the computational expressions for the mean value, standard deviation and deviation of fiber stress are deduced by the random factor method. The probabilistic and interval reliability designs on COPV are implemented by utilizing the probabilistic method and interval method combined with the improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, respectively. The influence of fluctuation of structure uncertain parameters on COPV design thickness is inspected. Finally, examples are given to demonstrate that both probabilistic and interval reliability methods can satisfy the safety requirement and both are of higher rationality than the traditional safety factor method. And probabilistic method has a lower relative error but a higher computational complexity contrasted with the interval method.