Segmented polymer networks containing amino‐dendrimers

Polymer networks in which poly(propylene imine) dendrimers (Astramol?) are connected to each other by linear polytetrahydrofuran (polyTHF) segments, were prepared by two methods. The first method was a one‐step procedure in which bifunctionally living polyTHF, obtained by initiation of the THF polymerization with trifluoromethane sulfonic anhydride (triflic anhydride), was reacted with an amino‐dendrimer. This reaction was very fast but did not allow formation of the end products. The second method was a two‐step procedure. In a first step, living polyTHF, prepared with acryloyloxybutyl triflate as initiator, was grafted on an amino‐dendrimer, to form a star‐like, acrylate‐terminated polyTHF multi‐macromonomer with the dendrimer as core. In a second step, networks were obtained by Michael addition between the acrylate end‐groups and unreacted amino‐groups of the dendrimer. This cross‐linking reaction occurred spontaneously upon heating of the solution of the multi‐macromonomer with gelation times varying from a few minutes to a few hours, depending on the temperature and the composition of the prepolymers. With this method it was possible to prepare networks in the form of coatings or films. © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

协同作战能力简析

协同作战能力(CEC)是一种充分利用网络技术的新型海岸防空技术，给系统的作战能力带来了革命性的交破。本文对协同作战能力的产生、功能、组成以及未来的发展趋势作了详细的介绍，阐述了CEC系统的总体设计思想。在此基础上，将CEC系统与传统的作战系统的性能和设计思想在各方面进行了比较，交出了CEC系统各方面的优越性能。协同作战能力是现代和未来作战系统的发展方向，CEC系统的发展必将成为衡量各国国防科技现代化的重要指标。     

牛奶加工过程中的清洗(二)

五．牛奶厂的清洗。目前，牛奶厂采用的清洗方式主要是CIP清洗(Cleaning in place)，原地清洗或称定置清洗，即在基本不拆卸或挪动机械装置和管线的情况下对生产过程中能与牛奶发生接触的设备表面进行的清洗。其冲刷、清洗、灭菌的整个过程全部实现了自动化因此大大降低了劳动强度。而有一些不     

套保稠油油田火烧油层可行性分析

从火烧油层的筛选标准、实际地质条件及室内物理模拟实验入手，对该油田火烧可行性进行了分析。分析结果认为，套保油田进行火烧总体上是可行的，在实际火烧时应避开底水的影响，火烧区域应选在构造高部位或仅烧其主力层。     

Anthocyanin composition of the red wine Babić affected by maceration treatment

Identification of anthocyanins in the wine made of the Croatian autochthonous grape variety of Babić (Vitis vinifera L.) was carried out and their profile was determined by means of high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array and mass spectrometric detection. Dependence of anthocyanins content and profile on maceration treatment conditions was investigated. Statistically significant differences of anthocyanins concentration in wines Babić produced by various maceration treatments were confirmed by the use of multivariate analysis of variances. The investigation results indicated that the maceration temperature exerts higher influence on anthocyanins concentration than the duration of maceration. In addition, on the basis of anthocyanin composition and using different multivariate statistical analyses, differentiation of wines Babić according to maceration treatments was procured.     

加油站油品损耗的管理问题分析及解决办法

针对加油站在油品进、销、存方面因管理和人为作弊而产生的损耗大问题，提出了解决办法：各环节交接手续要严密完备；发货方实施保量运输，选择信誉好的承运方；在销售、储存方面应加强管理，推行加油站计量员、账务员集中管理，主要账表电子表格化，及时上报主管部门，执行责任追究制并与效益工资挂钩。     

SCB火工品的研究与发展

文章评述了半导体桥火工品问世以来的研究成果与发展趋势。主要内容有半导体桥作用机理、半导体桥的结构与封装、半导体桥火工品的特点、半导体桥火工品的应用、半导体桥火工品的研究和发展趋势。     

The effect of segment length on some properties of thermoplastic poly(ester–siloxane)s

A series of novel thermoplastic elastomers, based on poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) as the soft segment and poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) as the hard segment, were synthesized by catalyzed two‐step, melt transesterification reactions of dimethyl terephthalate and methyl esters of carboxypropyl‐terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane)s (M?_n = 550–2170 g mol^?1) with 1,4‐butanediol. The lengths of both the hard and soft segments were varied while the weight ratio of the hard to soft segments in the reaction mixture was maintained constant (57/43). The molecular structure, composition and molecular weights of the poly(ester–siloxane)s were examined by ¹H NMR spectroscopy. The effectiveness of the incorporation of the methyl‐ester‐terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane)s into the copolymer chains was verified by chloroform extraction. The effect of the segment length on the transition temperatures (T_m and T_g) and the thermal and thermo‐oxidative degradation stability, as well as the degree of crystallinity and hardness properties of the synthesized TPESs, were studied. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry     

镍层耐硝酸腐蚀性测试——一种简单的预先探测ENIG镍层“黑盘”现象的测试方法

随着更加精细的SMT、BGA等表面贴装技术的运用,化学沉镍金(ENIG)作为线路板最终表面处理得到了越来越广泛的应用,同时可怕的“黑盘”现象也随之更广泛地“流行”起来,直接导致贴装后元器件焊接点不规则接触不良。为了贯彻执行最好的流程控制和采取有效的预防措施,了解这种焊接失败的产生机理是非常重要的,及早的观测到可能发生“黑盘”现象的迹象变得同样关键。本文介绍了一种简单的预先探测ENIG镍层“黑盘”现象的测试方法-镍层耐硝酸腐蚀性测试,这种测试可以用于作为一种常规的测试方法监测一般化学沉镍溶液在有效使用寿命范围内新鲜沉积的镍层的质量。利用Weibull概率统计分析在不同的金属置换周期(MTO)下镍层的可靠性能表现。结合试验结果得出了一个镍层耐硝酸腐蚀性的判定标准。     

Chemische Zusammensetzung und Mikrostruktur polymerabgeleiteter Gläser und Keramiken im System Si–C–O. Teil 2: Charakterisierung der Gefügeausbildung mittels hochauflösender Durchstrahlungselektronenmikroskopie und Feinbereichsbeugung

Chemical Composition and Microstructure of Polymer‐Derived Glasses and Ceramics in the Si–C–O System. Part 2: Characterization of microstructure formation by means of high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area diffraction Liquid or solid silicone resins represent the economically most interesting class of organic precursors for the pyrolytic production of glass and ceramics materials on silicon basis. As dense, dimensionally stable components can be cost‐effectively achieved by admixing reactive filler powders, chemical composition and microstructure development of the polymer‐derived residues must be exactly known during thermal decomposition. Thus, in the present work, glasses and ceramics produced by pyrolysis of the model precursor polymethylsiloxane at temperatures from 525 to 1550 °C are investigated. In part 1, by means of analytical electron microscopy, the bonding state of silicon was determined on a nanometre scale and the phase separation of the metastable Si–C–O matrix into SiO₂, C and SiC was proved. The in‐situ crystallization could be considerably accelerated by adding fine‐grained powder of inert fillers, such as Al₂O₃ or SiC, which permits effective process control. In part 2, the microstructure is characterized by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area diffraction. Turbostratic carbon and cubic β‐SiC precipitate as crystallization products. Theses phases are embedded in an amorphous matrix. Inert fillers reduce the crystallization temperature by several hundred °C. In this case, the polymer‐derived Si–C–O material acts as a binding agent between the powder particles. Reaction layer formation does not occur. On the investigated pyrolysis conditions, no crystallization of SiO₂ was observed.