气相色谱-质谱法分析比较传统同山高粱酒及其改良工艺酒样中的香气成分

采用顶空固相微萃取法（HS-SPME）提取传统清香型同山高粱酒及其经发酵工艺改良后的酒样Ⅰ、酒样Ⅱ中的香气成分,结合气相色谱-质谱联用仪对香气成分进行分析。结果显示,除乙醇外,三种清香型白酒中共检测出61种香气成分,其中:传统同山高粱酒中共检测出香气成分35种,主要呈香化合物有酯类化合物、醇类化合物和芳香族化合物,主要香气成分有己酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、3-甲基丁醇、1,1-二乙氧基乙烷、丁酸乙酯;酒样Ⅰ中共检测出香气成分45种,主要呈香化合物有酯类化合物、醇类化合物、烷烃类化合物和烯烃类化合物,主要香气成分有乙酸乙酯、1,1-二乙氧基乙烷、3-甲基丁醇、双戊烯、十二烷;酒样Ⅱ中共检测出香气成分41种,主要呈香化合物有酯类化合物、烷烃类化合物、烯烃类化合物和芳香族化合物,主要香气成分有乙酸乙酯、1,1-二乙氧基乙烷、3-甲基丁醇、双戊烯、十四烷。研究结果表明,传统同山高粱酒经发酵工艺改良后,酒中香气成分种类明显增多,酒的口感和风味得到改善。      

Development of a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach for Evaluating the Comprehensive Application of Herbaceous Peony at Low Latitudes

The growing region of herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora) has been severely constrained due to the intensification of global warming and extreme weather events, especially at low latitudes. Assessing and selecting stress-tolerant and high-quality peony germplasm is essential for maintaining the normal growth and application of peonies under adverse conditions. This study proposed a modified multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model for assessing peonies adapted to low-latitude climates based on our previous study. This model is low-cost, timesaving and suitable for screening the adapted peony germplasm under hot and humid climates. The evaluation was conducted through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), three major criteria, including adaptability-related, ornamental feature-related and growth habits-related criteria, and eighteen sub-criteria were proposed and constructed in this study. The model was validated on fifteen herbaceous peonies cultivars from different latitudes. The results showed that ‘Meiju’, ‘Hang Baishao’, ‘Hongpan Tuojin’ and ‘Bo Baishao’ were assessed as Level I, which have strong growth adaptability and high ornamental values, and were recommended for promotion and application at low latitudes. The reliability and stability of the MCDM model were further confirmed by measuring the chlorophyll fluorescence of the selected adaptive cultivars ‘Meiju’ and ‘Hang Baishao’ and one maladaptive cultivar ‘Zhuguang’. This study could provide a reference for the introduction, breeding and application of perennials under everchanging unfavorable climatic conditions.     

p27kip1 Modulates the Morphology and Phagocytic Activity of Microglia

p27^kip1 is a multifunctional protein that promotes cell cycle exit by blocking the activity of cyclin/cyclin-dependent kinase complexes as well as migration and motility via signaling pathways that converge on the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton. Despite the broad characterization of p27^kip1 function in neural cells, little is known about its relevance in microglia. Here, we studied the role of p27^kip1 in microglia using a combination of in vitro and in situ approaches. While the loss of p27^kip1 did not affect microglial density in the cerebral cortex, it altered their morphological complexity in situ. However, despite the presence of p27^kip1 in microglial processes, as shown by immunofluorescence in cultured cells, loss of p27^kip1 did not change microglial process motility and extension after applying laser-induced brain damage in cortical brain slices. Primary microglia lacking p27^kip1 showed increased phagocytic uptake of synaptosomes, while a cell cycle dead variant negatively affected phagocytosis. These findings indicate that p27^kip1 plays specific roles in microglia.     

Toxic and Phenotypic Effects of AAV_Cre Used to Transduce Mesencephalic Dopaminergic Neurons

A popular approach to spatiotemporally target genes using the loxP/Cre recombination system is stereotaxic microinjection of adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing Cre recombinase (AAV_Cre) in specific neuronal structures. Here, we report that AAV_Cre microinjection in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of ErbB4 Cyt-1-floxed (ErbB4 Cyt-1^fl/fl) mice at titers commonly used in the literature (~10¹²–10¹³ GC/mL) can have neurotoxic effects on dopaminergic neurons and elicit behavioral abnormalities. However, these effects of AAV_Cre microinjection are independent of ErbB4 Cyt-1 recombination because they are also observed in microinjected wild-type (WT) controls. Mice microinjected with AAV_Cre (10¹²–10¹³ GC/mL) exhibit reductions of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine transporter (DAT) expression, loss of dopaminergic neurons, and they behaviorally become hyperactive, fail to habituate in the open field and exhibit sensorimotor gating deficits compared to controls microinjected with AAV_GFP. Importantly, these AAV_Cre non-specific effects are: (1) independent of serotype, (2) occur with vectors expressing either Cre or Cre-GFP fusion protein and (3) preventable by reducing viral titers by 1000-fold (10¹⁰ GC/mL), which retains sufficient recombination activity to target floxed genes. Our studies emphasize the importance of including AAV_Cre-injected WT controls in experiments because recombination-independent effects on gene expression, neurotoxicity and behaviors could be erroneously attributed to consequences of gene ablation.     

风门对矿井火灾烟气流动特性影响的数值模拟研究

为了明确煤矿钻孔煤粉着火影响因素,以及各个因素在火灾防治中的重要性,结合山西保利平山煤矿2次钻孔着火事故,采用层次分析法对钻孔煤粉着火影响因素进行定性定量分析,确定各个影响因素在钻孔着火防治中所占权重。结果表明：施工人员应急处理、施工人员规范作业、监控监测、钻孔施工工艺等是防止钻孔着火的关键因素。同时,根据分析结果中的优先考虑因素,提出一系列防止钻孔煤粉着火的技术建议与治理技术措施,可为煤矿钻孔煤粉着火防治提供科学的理论依据,以进一步促进煤矿安全生产。

     

地质钻探垂钻定向纠偏控制的工程实现与实验分析

理论提出的纠偏方法需反复进行实验验证方可应用于实际工程,然而垂钻纠偏控制过程复杂,操作难度大,所需时间长、资金庞大,直接将所提方法放置现场调试是不可取的,而仅采用计算机仿真对算法进行验证也有一定局限性,因此发展和研究纠偏控制工程实现方法十分必要。本文以地质钻探钻进过程定向纠偏控制的工程实现为导向,首先分析并给出实际纠偏工艺过程以及纠偏控制的特点与目标;然后总结基于模型预测控制的纠偏控制问题与优化目标,结合笔者早期的一些纠偏控制理论研究,分别阐述不同纠偏工况下的纠偏控制方法;其次开发定向纠偏控制系统,用于集成纠偏控制算法,使得算法能够应用于实际工程;最后设计纠偏控制实验,以验证纠偏控制算法的工程适用性。实验表明,所提纠偏控制方法能够有效应用于实际纠偏过程,并应对和完成多种纠偏任务。     

真空成型压力参数对汽车用DF增强PES树脂材料力学性能的影响

在碳纤维 (DF) 内加入聚醚砜 (PES) 树脂法, 利用真空辅助成型 (VARI) 工艺制备得到改性复合材料, 研究真空成型压力参数对汽车用DF增强PES树脂材料力学性能和拉伸断面的影响。研究结果表明:相对于改性前的PES树脂材料拉伸强度, 经过0.1、0.25与0.5 MPa处理得到的改性复合材料在拉伸强度方面依次提升了17.36%、41.39%与29.54%;拉伸模量依次提升1.61%、19.35%与10.48%。相对于原始纤维, 经过改性形成了更加粗糙的表面结构, 使纤维与树脂可以发生更加紧密的结合, 经过改性的PES树脂材料形成的断口具有明显的韧性断裂特点。在0.25 MPa下得到的改性PES树脂材料形成了明显断口结构, 此时的试样获得了最优的拉伸强度与模量。     

纳米红色硒粉在乙二醇介质中的分散工艺研究

针对含纳米红色硒粉抗菌保健不锈钢餐具的开发问题,为制备高分散性和悬浮稳定性的纳米硒粉,本文在测定纳米硒粉在乙二醇介质中pH-zeta电位图的基础上,选用CTAB、PVP、PEG-2000和Span80四种表面活性剂,采用吸光度测试、沉降实验研究了纳米硒粉在乙二醇介质中的分散工艺及其悬浮稳定性,并探讨了不同表面活性剂的分散机理。结果表明,在最佳配比下的CTAB与具有空间位阻稳定机理PVP和PEG-2000的复合分散体系的分散效果明显好于单分散剂,其中,PVP与CTAB的复合分散比最佳单分散剂CTAB的分散效果提升了105%;推荐纳米硒粉在乙二醇中的分散工艺为:在pH=6、3%(质量比)CTAB+3%PVP复配分散,分散时间为10 min,该工艺下分散的纳米硒粒子静置60天的沉降率仅为0.7%。红外测试表明,CTAB在纳米硒粉表面为物理吸附,PVP、PEG-2000和Span80则为化学吸附。     

剩余油饱和度测井资料在雅克拉凝析气田的综合应用

雅克拉凝析气田2005年投入开发至今已稳产9年,目前已进入中、后期开发阶段。为了准确监测剩余油状况,对多口井进行了剩余油饱和度测井,用来指导气田的开发调整。同时,应用剩余油测井资料,对储层连通性进行了评价,并辅助进行小层精细划分,深化地质认识。     

激光冲击强化设备控制系统

针对复杂曲面类零件,研发一种新型表面激光冲击强化的控制系统,该系统是一套全自动可控操作系统,通过工控机/PLC集成控制,实现自动化、数字化控制,并完成实时在线监控和信息交互反馈,属于开放式分布系统。该系统用于激光冲击强化核心设备(包括激光器、机器人、辅助控制、质量检测装置与辅助系统等),实现各环节的信息交互和系统的协同工作,通过实时监控系统,远程观察加工状态,有效避免重大事故的发生。同时,该控制系统添加激光冲击强化工艺试验数据记录功能,可根据实际需求调用后台工艺参数数据库,实现高效工艺参数优化。除此之外,该系统还能够实现激光冲击强化模型建立、加工过程有限元模拟、复杂曲面加工轨迹自动规划、加工策略制定等功能,从而实现激光冲击强化自动化生产,目前已经处于工程应用阶段。