Versatile Antibacterial Materials: An Emerging Arsenal for Combatting Bacterial Pathogens

Antibacterial materials that prevent bacterial infections and mitigate bacterial virulence have attracted great scientific interests. In recent decades, the bactericidal polymers have been presented as promising candidates to combat bacterial pathogens, mainly based on the construction of bactericidal cationic polymers, functionalization with biocidal agents, and formation of bacterial‐repelling layers. However, these established strategies have inherent disadvantages because they often overlook important features such as their biocompatibility and biosafety, especially for biomedical applications. In recent years, many efforts have been made focusing on the development of multifunctional antibacterial materials to meet the elaborate requirements for medical devices and public hygiene products. Herein the recent advances in developing multifunctional materials for their antibacterial activities together with other functions including “kill‐and‐release” capability, hemocompatibility, cell proliferation promoting properties, and coagulation promoting ability for wound dressing are highlighted. In addition, the outlooks on the remaining challenges that should be addressed in the field of multifunctional antibacterial materials are also described.     

Detection of viable bacteria in environmental water samples using DNase I and PCR method

In this study, we tested the potential application of a previously developed method in detecting Escherichia coli in environmental water samples. To increase the sensitivity of the method, and the recovery of microbial cells, water samples were filtered before being subjected to DNase treatment and polymerase chain reaction amplification. Results showed that DNase I treatment and PCR reaction were not affected by inhibitors as the expected amplicon was successfully amplified in autoclaved environmental waters spiked with E. coli. Then, we applied this method to naturally contaminated environmental water samples. We firstly confirmed the presence of coliforms and E. coli in these water samples by plating in eosin methylene blue agar. Simultaneous PCR amplification targeting Lac Z and uidR gene of total coliforms and E. coli respectively demonstrated that this developed method is potentially applicable for routine microbial assessment of health risks related to viable microorganisms in environmental or drinking waters.     

35 mm高炮弹药发展设想与分析

高炮武器系统的发展不仅要重视自动炮技术的改进和发展,同时还要重视弹药系统的技术发展。35mm弹药的今后发展方向主要是发展智能化和可控化的高新技术弹药。为对付不同类型的空中目标,主要发展的新弹种有改进型AHEAD弹、35mm集束穿甲弹和35mm弹道修正弹。AHEAD弹的优点是:与直接命中的炮弹相比具有更高的命中概率,可拦截特别小的目标。AHEAD弹比一般近炸引信炮弹的抗干扰能力强,效费比好。AHEAD弹的电子时间引信不受敌方电磁干扰。对几种弹药的毁歼概率进行了分析计算。     

攻击机动目标的最优导引规律研究

针对纵轴方向没有轨控发动机的ＫＫＶ,建立空间拦载的线性运动学模型,通过采用新的剩余时间计算方法,提出了拦截任意机动目标的最优导引规律,最后,分别采用最优制导律和比例导引,对平面拦截过程进行计算机仿真。仿真结果表明,最优制导律和比例导引相比更能有效地拦截机动目标。     

软杀伤弹用弥漫粉剂的性能研究

软杀伤弥漫粉剂是一种新型超细粉制,装入炮境或火箭弹的战斗部,便可形成一种新的软杀伤效应。本文研究了软杀伤粉剂的性能及其测试方法并对自行研制的几组软杀伤粉剂进行了初步性能测试。     

着发射击高射武器系统点射毁歼概率仿真

高炮点射毁歼概率计算很复杂且需做许多简化处理。按高炮的点射过程构建仿真统计模型,以4-25 mm高炮为例,仿真统计了6种不同形状目标的点射毁歼概率,并与相应的传统解析法计算值进行了分析比较,证明了解析法简化处理的一些不合理情况以及用C十十语言编程实现复杂随机系统仿真的可行性。     

置换法压井技术在榆林气井的应用

该井是榆林气田一口开发井,该井在2001年对山_2层进行了压裂、试气求产,测试流动压力22.387 MPa,试气无阻流量6.6142×10~4 m~3/d,地层压力系数为0.9992,是该区块一口相对高压高产的气井。在对该井进行地层测试时由于测试工具掉入油管卡死,导致气井无法正常生产,由于气井相对高压高产,且油管堵死无法循环造成压井处理事故难度大、安全风险高。通过采用了井筒气液置换法压井技术有效的控制了压井的施工压力和压井液用量,并一次取得了压井作业的成功,保障了该井后续井筒作业的安全进行。     

水中爆炸对鱼雷壳体的毁伤准则和判据研究

研究水中爆炸鱼雷壳体的毁伤准则与判据。根据水中爆炸冲击波特征参量的一般形式,提出了一种毁伤准则,给出了基于毁伤律为“0-1”概率分布函数的毁伤准则与判据的获取方法。针对重型鱼雷1∶2环肋圆筒缩比模型进行了两种药量的海上爆炸试验,结合相似性变换得到了重型鱼雷壳体毁伤的定量判据。以该判据分析了各毁伤等级下的峰值超压和比冲量阈值。结果表明,在相同毁伤等级下,随着装药量增加,峰值超压阈值减小,而比冲量阈值增大;装药量越小,两种特征参量阈值的变化幅度越大。     

反辐射无人机战斗部爆炸冲击波毁伤雷达天线概率研究

通过分析反辐射无人机攻击阶段的弹道规律和战斗部爆炸冲击波毁伤原理,建立了雷达天线模型和冲击波毁伤概率模型,通过计算定高爆炸面上的弹着点与天线的最小距离,判断此次攻击能否有效毁伤雷达,最后运用蒙特卡洛统计方法,得到反辐射无人机战斗部爆炸冲击波毁伤特定雷达天线的概率,通过仿真验证了该模型的正确性.