Harmonizing architectural decisions with component view models using reusable architectural knowledge transformations and constraints

Architectural design decisions (ADDs) have been used in recent years for capturing design rationale and documenting architectural knowledge (AK). However, various architectural design views still provide the most common means for describing and communicating architectural design. The evolution of software systems requires that both ADDs and architectural design views are documented and maintained, which is a tedious and time-consuming task in the long run. Also, in lack of a systematic and automated support for bridging between ADDs and architectural design views, decisions and designs tend to become inconsistent over time. In our proposal, we introduce a reusable AK transformation language for supporting the automated transformation of reusable AK knowledge to component-and-connector models, the architectural design view used most commonly today. In addition, reusable consistency checking rules verify the consistency between decisions and designs. We evaluate our approach in an industrial case study and show that it offers high reusability, provides automation, and can, in principle, deal with large numbers of recurring decisions.     

The impact of computer‐based instruction on the development of EFL learners' writing skills

The current study investigated the application and effectiveness of computer assisted language learning (CALL) in teaching academic writing to Iranian EFL (English as a Foreign Language) learners by means of Microsoft Word Office. To this end, 44 sophomore intermediate university students majoring in English Language and Literature at an Iranian university who had enrolled in a course called Advanced Writing were randomly divided into two groups. As a pre‐test, a pen‐and‐paper writing task was given to both groups at the beginning of the semester. The control group including 24 male and female students was taught based on traditional approach while the experimental group including 20 male and female students was taught based on CALL. At the end of one semester, a pen‐and‐paper writing task was given to both groups. The results of the post‐test revealed that the students who were exposed to computer‐based instruction outperformed their counterparts in terms of using appropriate articles, tense, plural forms and spelling. Moreover, the students in the experimental group produced paragraphs of higher quality. The findings of this study confirmed the efficacy of computer‐based instruction in the development of EFL learners' writing skills.     

Incorporating Intra‐Query Term Dependencies in an Aspect Query Language Model

Query language modeling based on relevance feedback has been widely applied to improve the effectiveness of information retrieval. However, intra‐query term dependencies (i.e., the dependencies between different query terms and term combinations) have not yet been sufficiently addressed in the existing approaches. This article aims to investigate this issue within a comprehensive framework, namely the Aspect Query Language Model (AM). We propose to extend the AM with a hidden Markov model (HMM) structure to incorporate the intra‐query term dependencies and learn the structure of a novel aspect HMM (AHMM) for query language modeling. In the proposed AHMM, the combinations of query terms are viewed as latent variables representing query aspects. They further form an ergodic HMM, where the dependencies between latent variables (nodes) are modeled as the transitional probabilities. The segmented chunks from the feedback documents are considered as observables of the HMM. Then the AHMM structure is optimized by the HMM, which can estimate the prior of the latent variables and the probability distribution of the observed chunks. Our extensive experiments on three large‐scale text retrieval conference (TREC) collections have shown that our method not only significantly outperforms a number of strong baselines in terms of both effectiveness and robustness but also achieves better results than the AM and another state‐of‐the‐art approach, namely the latent concept expansion model. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

基于藏语字性标注的词性预测研究

该文选取了藏语文中小学教材的部分语料,构建了带有藏语字性标记、词边界标记和词性标记的语料库,通过比较不同的分词、标注方法,证明分词、词性标注一体化效果比分步进行的效果好,准确率、召回率和F值分别提高了0.067、0.073和0.07。但词级标注模型难以解决词边界划分的一致性和未登录词的问题。基于此,作者提出可以利用字性和字构词的规律预测合成词的词性,既可以融入语言学知识又可以减少由未登录词导致的标注错误,实验结果证明,作为词性标注的后处理模块,基于字性标注的词性预测准确率提高到了0.916,这个结果已经比分词标注一体化结果好,说明字性标注对纠正词性错误标注有明显的效果。
     

特征主成分算法再探

对作者之前设计的求语言特征主成分的“距离法”做了深度解析,指出了“距离法”在应用过程中,切分成两个集合的“断点”会影响计算结果的精度。借助聚类分析的思想重新设计了语言特征主成分算法——“聚类法”来弥补“距离法”的缺陷。最后指出两个方法的缺陷可以相互弥补,在实际应用中应结合使用。     

限定领域智能导学系统问题生成及对话管理技术

智能导学是当前信息化教学研究的一个热点领域,将导学技术应用到难于识记并需要严格遵守的规章规程类知识领域,将极大地提高领域人员对相关知识的快速理解与掌握能力.采用面向对象的知识表示方法,提高了对通用主题和问题模板表示的灵活性.设计了基于模板的领域知识表示方法和导学问题生成方法,可实现一个主题知识生成多种问句.采用约简的有限状态转移方法,避免了对话管理中状态数量庞大的问题.最后,本文以船舶损管领域为例,将此方法运用到船舶损管训练语音导学原型系统中.系统运行良好,充分表明这种设计方法是切实可行的.     

在GPU上实现基于高斯映射的通用刀具扫描体建模

以针对数控加工仿真的需要,以高斯映射理论为基础、GPU为主要硬件平台,提出一种基于并行计算的快速通用刀具空间扫描体建模方法.首先结合通用刀具的数学模型,利用高斯映射理论分析刀具平动时的扫描体建模原理;然后分析刀具做任意空间运动时的刀具表面点法向量和对应的接触映射,推导求解扫描体包络边界的表达式;再根据GPU上的通用计算方法和GPU图形绘制管线设计基于GPU实现刀具空间扫描体建模的算法流程,并利用C++、Open GL和Open GL着色语言GLSL实现了该方法.通过刀具扫描体建模实例,验证了文中方法的正确性与实时性.     

基于Raspberry Pi的可视化温湿度测量系统设计

二次设备必须在较为适宜的环境温湿度下运行,为了提高温湿度测量速度和准确性,基于Raspberry Pi嵌入式系统和Java语言,开发了一套对二次屏柜温湿度进行测量的系统.该系统具有GUI可视化界面,通过鼠标即可控制温湿度测量的启动和停止,在连续测量时,测量结果通过控件变化动态显示.该系统集合温湿度一起测量,可布置在重点屏柜内,有利于运维人员及时掌握二次屏柜温湿度变化,在温湿度超限时能及时采取处理措施.     

有关C语言教学方法优化的探讨

C语言程序设计是一门重要的课程,却难学难教。教学方法优化十分必要。教学方法优化应从激发学生兴趣入手,采用循序渐进的方式,着重培养学生举一反三的编程能力,引导学生写出高质量的程序,并丰富考核方式。     

计算机编程语言与输入设备的发展问题初探

现代化建设事业的发展离不开计算机水平的提高。计算机编程语言作为人与机器沟通的桥梁,在计算机系统里有着非常重要的地位。本文从探讨计算机编程语言的概念出发,详细阐述了计算机编程语言所包含的内容和基本分类。接着笔者又深入分析了计算机输入设备的发展问题。最后,针对计算机编程语言和输入之间的联系问题,笔者做了观点性和理论性的论述分析。