Effects of extreme floods on macroinvertebrate assemblages in tributaries to the Mohawk River,New York,USA

Climate change is forecast to bring more frequent and intense precipitation to New York which has motivated research into the effects of floods on stream ecosystems. Macroinvertebrate assemblages were sampled at 13 sites in the Mohawk River basin during August 2011, and again in October 2011, following historic floods caused by remnants of Hurricane Irene and Tropical Storm Lee. The annual exceedance probabilities of floods at regional flow‐monitoring sites ranged from 0.5 to 0.001. Data from the first 2 surveys, and from additional surveys done during July and October 2014, were assessed to characterize the severity of flood impacts, effect of seasonality, and recovery. Indices of total taxa richness; Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) richness; Hilsenhoff's biotic index; per cent model affinity; and nutrient biotic index‐phosphorus were combined to calculate New York State Biological Assessment Profile scores. Analysis of variance tests were used to determine if the Biological Assessment Profile, its component metrics, relative abundance, and diversity differed significantly (p ≤ .05) among the four surveys. Only total taxa richness and Shannon–Wiener diversity increased significantly, and abundance decreased significantly, following the floods. No metrics differed significantly between the July and August 2014 surveys which indicates that the differences denoted between the August and October 2011 surveys were caused by the floods. Changes in taxa richness, EPT richness, and diversity were significantly correlated with flood annual exceedance probabilities. This study increased our understanding of the resistance and resilience of benthic macroinvertebrate communities by showing that their assemblages were relatively impervious to extreme floods across the region.     

电除尘器绝缘子的设计与选择

根据电除尘器绝缘子的功能、工况条件等特点，分别从材质、外形尺寸等方面介绍了设计和选择的注意事项。为用户合理地选择电除尘器绝缘子提供了帮助。     

自密封阀在氨汽提尿素装置中的应用与维修

介绍自密封阀的密封原理及其在氨汽提尿素装置中的应用,对其长期运行中出现的泄漏及泄漏原因进行分析,根据不同的泄漏方式分别提出了现场维修的方法.     

接触网绝缘子泄漏电流在线监测装置设计

为有效地预测接触网绝缘子污秽水平,提高接触网运行安全可靠性,设计了一种基于ARM的接触网绝缘子泄露电流在线监测装置。通过传感器采集泄露电流和环境湿度预测绝缘子污秽水平,从而判断绝缘子是否应该进行清洗。选取了FQBJ—25/8—760P复合绝缘子为研究对象,在饱和空气湿度下,利用在线监测装置进行人工污秽实验。利用实验数据拟合污秽水平与泄漏电流的关系曲线,为确定接触网绝缘子泄漏电流在线监测装置的预警值提供指导。基于污闪发展三区段思想,提出接触网绝缘子安全运行区、污秽清理区及危险区。     

机车车载漏电流数字传感器研究与应用

介绍一种机车车载漏电流数字传感器的研究与应用,在模拟漏电流传感器的基础上,经数字化改进而实现.硬件设计采用ARM平台,在分析系统原理的基础上,完成了硬件系统和软件架构的设计,完成了单线和双线的模拟实验.经模拟实验验证检测准确、反应快速,通信采用CAN总线安全可靠.在实际测量中,验证了模拟实验的正确性,设计可行.     

基于STM32平台的CAN总线车载式漏电流数字传感器

介绍一种基于STM32平台的CAN总线车载式漏电流数字传感器的设计。在高精度模拟漏电流传感器的基础上,采用CAN总线进行数据通信,在目前高端的、低功耗、小系统设计处理器Cortex—M3(STM32)上经数字化改进而实现。该漏电流数字传感器经实验验证检测准确、响应快速、数据通信安全可靠,是目前一种先进的车载式漏电流数字传感器。实际使用时,由多个漏电流数字传感器与一台计算机互接,构成一个多点的漏电检测网络,最终实现漏电检测的综合处理。     

冷却器盘管失效分析及防范措施

本文介绍了冷却器盘管破裂泄漏的情况，分析了失效破坏的原因，并提出防止冷却器盘管破裂泄漏的措施。     

核电厂小型承压容器泄漏率直读的可行性分析

对比气体泄漏率的精确计算值与直读值的差异,分析误差的成因并找出切实可行的缩小误差的方法,使得直读法在小型承压容器的大批量泄漏率检测中发挥了重要的作用。     

无汞碱性锌锰电池贮存期漏液原因探讨

介绍了无汞锌粉中的杂质、析气量、锌粉形貌以及电池密封圈对无汞碱性电池高温贮存性能的影响，探讨了电池漏液的原因，提出了防止漏液的措施。     

尺寸效应和约束条件对土基回弹模量的影响

室内承载板法是测定土基回弹模量的标准试验方法。尺寸效应和约束条件的影响使得室内测定的回弹模量往往与现场不符,不能直接用于公路结构设计。以红黏土为研究对象,采用室内试验和数值模拟的方法研究了试样的尺寸效应和约束条件对土基回弹模量的影响。结果表明:试样的尺寸效应(试样直径和高度)对回弹模量的影响较大,随着试样直径的增大回弹模量增大,随着试样高度的增大回弹模量减小;无侧限条件下测定的回弹模量乘以约束条件系数1.2即得有侧限条件下回弹模量值。研究成果为室内合理测定土基回弹模量值提供参考依据。