剪力墙结构损伤模型研究现状与分析

基于性能抗震设计理论的主要内容是损伤指标的选择和性能目标的量化.文中通过介绍国内外有剪力墙结构损伤模型研究成果,结合国内外对剪力墙结构抗震性能的试验研究,并探讨了剪力墙结构损伤在实际工程中的应用研究,提出了仍有待进一步深入研究的问题.     

均匀布筋的双偏压矩形柱简化设计

在荷载等值线法的基础上,考虑均匀配筋形式,通过大量变参数、多水平的数值运算,拟合双偏压钢筋混凝土矩形柱截面轴压比与无量纲弯矩等值线的相关指数的函数关系,以及两主轴方向轴压比与无量纲参数珟m的关系曲线。基于所得强度曲线提出简化计算方法,并通过试验验证。给出算例以明确应用过程。提出的简化方法具有精度高、运算快的优点,可用于实际的工程设计。     

基于能量原理的钢筋混凝土桥墩抗震安全系数

从能量的角度提出了桥墩抗震耗能能力安全系数的概念,通过合理给定位移和损伤控制条件并结合钢筋混凝土构件的损伤指标方程和结构地震反应的能量方程推导出了这一安全系数。最后用通用有限元软件对一实例钢筋混凝土桥墩抗震耗能能力安全系数进行了计算,验证了方法的可行性。研究结果表明:通过给定合理位移和损伤控制条件可以简便地求出桥墩的有效总耗能能力并可由此得到不同地震动输入情况下的桥墩耗能能力安全系数。对今后基于能量原理的抗震设计和评估方法的应用,具有一定的参考作用。     

彩色沥青路面在兰州市某非机动车道的应用

介绍了彩色沥青路面的性能特点。通过对原材料的选取、配合比的设计、设备改造、拌和时间及温度控制、碾压质量控制等方面的阐述,介绍了彩色沥青路面在兰州市北出口工程非机动车道的首次铺筑成功的经验。这些经验可为彩色沥青路面的推广应用提供借鉴和参考。     

C80高强混凝土的研发与试应用

该文介绍了C80预拌混凝土的研发与试应用过程,包括原材料选择、配合比设计、配合比验证,以及混凝土搅拌、运输、泵送、振捣和养护。为重庆预拌混凝土企业提供参考。     

基于GIS考虑准动态湿度指数的滑坡危险性预测水文-力学耦合模型研究

降雨在区域浅层滑坡灾害危险性预测研究中起着关键作用。为综合斜坡地形因素和由降雨引起的地表水下渗、地下水径流对斜坡稳定性的影响,结合基于物理过程的无限斜坡模型和基于数字高程模型 DEM 的简化运动波模型,提出考虑准动态湿度指数的滑坡危险性预测水文-力学耦合模型。该模型基于地理信息系统GIS平台,采用矢量-栅格复合单元对斜坡进行危险性分析(即以斜坡单元为基本研究对象,用栅格数据进行单个斜坡单元稳定性分析)。首先,基于极限平衡理论推导无限斜坡模型;然后,在考虑降雨强度以及持续时间的情况下应用简化的运动波模型计算降雨入渗和地下水径流作用过程中的地形准动态湿度指数,得到滑坡土体饱和因子在时间和空间上的分布情况,并在此基础上实现水文模型与无限斜坡模型的耦合;最后,以三峡库区巴东新城区滑坡灾害危险性预测为例,验证模型在区域浅层滑坡灾害危险性预测中具有较高的精度。     

基于主成分分析法的城市天然气发展水平评价

选取反映城市天然气发展水平的指标,建立城市天然气发展水平综合评价指标体系。基于主成分分析法,构建城市天然气发展水平评价模型,给出算例。探讨了城市天然气发展水平评价研究的意义。     

CCHP系统综合评价指标体系的信度与效度验证

基于冷热电联供(CCHP)系统初始综合评价指标体系,结合算例,对不同配置方案下初始综合评价指标体系进行信度与效度验证,获得了CCHP系统综合评价指标体系。     

Assessment of home environments with a fungal index using hydrophilic and xerophilic fungi as biologic sensors

Previously, the author proposed a 'fungal index' that quantifies the capacity for fungal growth in a test environment where a device (fungal detector) encapsulating spores of a xerophilic sensor fungus Eurotium herbariorum was placed. It was also found that an extremely xerophilic fungus, Aspergillus penicillioides, was suitable as a sensor fungus at sites with lower relative humidity (RH). In this report, the hydrophilic fungus Alternaria alternata was added to sensor fungi for the determination of the index in extremely humid environments. Measurements of the index and observations of the formation of spores by the sensor fungi were made in stable climates in moisture chambers, under natural conditions in homes, and in bathrooms prepared in an artificial climate chamber. Higher index values and earlier sporulation were obtained at higher RH in stable climates. The hydrophilic Alt. alternata showed the greatest response at 100% and 97.3% RH, the moderately xerophilic Eur. herbariorum, at 94%, 84%, and 75% RH, and the extremely xerophilic Asp. penicillioides, at 71% RH. In homes, the hydrophilic fungus was most active in water-usage areas, and the xerophilic fungi were most active in non-water-usage areas. Sporulation was observed on sensor fungi in fungal detectors placed in rooms where the index exceeded 18 ru/week after one-month exposure. Sites where the index exceeded 18 ru/week were referred to as damp, where fungal contamination seems to be unavoidable. Evaluations of ventilation systems in bathrooms with extremely humid climates showed typical examples of a countermeasure to fungal contamination. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The purpose of this study is to establish a fungal index applicable in home environments with extremely high to relatively low relative humidity climates. The sensor fungus that showed the greatest response in a fungal detector (a device encapsulating spores of sensor fungi) served as not only a quantitative but also a qualitative indicator of the environment tested, indicating the type of fungi that would contaminate the site. A fungal index would be a good tool for detecting dampness that induces fungal contamination, which has adverse effects on human health. Evaluations of indoor climates would provide information useful to building owners, builders, designers, advisers, medical practitioners, and so on. Selection of the most suitable insulation systems in various buildings under different climates or evaluations of the drying process in water-damaged buildings could also be possible using fungal detectors and measurements of fungal indices.     

对《公共建筑节能设计标准宣贯辅导教材》中“围护结构热工性能权衡判断法”的一点商榷

围护结构热工性能权衡判断是通过计算比较设计建筑和参照建筑的全年采暖空调能耗,以判定围护结构的总体热工性能是否达标,从而确定设计建筑的热工节能参数.在计算能耗时,设计建筑和参照建筑两者所用的采暖空调设备能效比应当相同.但是,《公共建筑节能设计标准宣贯辅导教材》中却有几处要求设计建筑采用的设备能效比要高于《公共建筑节能设计标准》( GB 50189-2005)中的规定值,这与在规定性方法中确定建筑热工指标限值的做法有所混淆.本文就这一问题进行了分析和讨论.