墙板内置无黏结支撑钢框架滞回性能数值模拟

为深入研究梁柱节点形式、加强方式等对墙板内置无黏结支撑钢框架结构滞回性能的影响,对3个结构试验进行了数值模拟。基于墙板内置支撑构件滞回性能的试验研究,确定出了体现往复作用下支撑钢材强化特性的参数取值.总体上,数值分析得到的结构滞回曲线、构件的屈服或局部屈曲机制等均与试验结果较一致,试验和模拟中支撑分别在层间侧移角约1/463~1/350和1/416~1/305范围内发生屈服,框架在1/50层间侧移角之前塑性发展较少,结构的延性和耗能能力良好,实现了结构1/50侧移角内主要利用支撑屈服耗能的设计意图.1/30侧移角内,框架承载力出现退化前,梁柱刚接结构的骨架曲线呈三折线,可分别由支撑和框架的两折线骨架曲线叠加得到;梁柱铰接的结构在破坏前骨架曲线呈双折线,框架塑性发展甚少.梁端补贴钢板加强后梁端塑性区外移,确保了梁柱刚接节点的强度和框架稳定耗能.人字形支撑铰接框架中一根支撑较早局部破坏后被撑梁大幅弯曲屈服,整个结构的抗侧承载力未出现退化.给出了采用梁、杆单元简化模拟墙板内置支撑钢框架结构滞回性能的方法.     

基于特征分布的建筑墙体裂缝图像识别方法

针对当前以人工智能为基础的墙体裂缝识别主要以图像识别为主,容易受到裂痕特征分布不均匀的影响,识别精度不高的问题,提出基于特征分布和高斯混合模型的建筑墙体裂缝图像识别方法.采用Harris角点检测算法对墙体图像进行角点求解处理,对建筑墙体图像进行预处理;通过选择掩模平滑法对墙体图像进行增强处理,将特征分布和高斯混合模型相结合,实现对建筑墙体裂缝图像的高精度识别.结果表明,该方法识别精度较高且识别时间短,预处理效果明显增强.     

Entropy generation from hydrogen production of catalytic partial oxidation of methane with excess enthalpy recovery

Catalytic partial oxidation of methane (CPOM) is an important route for producing hydrogen and it is featured by autothermal reaction. To recognize the reaction characteristics of CPOM, H₂ production and entropy generation from CPOM in Swiss-roll reactors are studied numerically. The considered parameters affecting the performance of CPOM include the excess enthalpy recovery, gas hourly space velocity (GHSV), number of turns and atomic O/C ratio. The impact of chemical reactions, heat transfer and friction on entropy generation is also analyzed. The results indicate that preheating reactants through waste heat recovery as well as increasing GHSV or number of turns is conducive to enhancing H₂ yield, whereas the maximum H₂ yield develops at O/C = 1.2. A higher H₂ yield is always accompanied by a higher value of entropy generation, and chemical reactions are the main source of entropy generation, especially from steam methane reforming. In contrast, viscous dissipation almost plays no part on entropy generation, compared to heat transfer and chemical reactions. From the analysis of entropy generation, detailed mechanisms of H₂ production from CPOM can be figured out.     

高强钢焊接箱形截面压弯构件局部稳定试验研究

为研究高强钢压弯构件的局部稳定性能，对5个Q460C和5个Q690D钢焊接箱形截面构件进行了单向偏压试验，分析了其破坏形式、局部稳定性能以及承载力；将实测承载力与欧洲规范EN 1993-1、我国标准GB 50017—2017和美国规范ANSI/AISC 360-16相关公式计算结果相比较，以验证各规范对Q460C钢和Q690D钢焊接箱形截面压弯构件屈曲后强度计算的适用性。研究结果表明：所有高强钢焊接箱形截面压弯构件均在柱中附近发生局部屈曲破坏；由轴向压力-轴向压缩变形或轴向压力-水平位移曲线可知，其为极值点失稳；构件的轴向压力-水平位移或轴向压力-应变曲线的形状和局部屈曲模式有关；在翼缘宽厚比为28.1～56.3、腹板高厚比为40.2～80.4、偏心距为20～50 mm范围之内，EN 1993-1和GB 50017—2017中的屈曲后强度计算公式仍然适用于Q460C和Q690D钢焊接箱形截面压弯构件，而ANSI/AISC 360-16中的相关公式需要进一步修正。     

饱和土体固结压缩和蠕变的热力学本构理论及模型分析

岩土热力学模型（thermodynamic soil model,TSM）是基于颗粒固体的非平衡态热力学理论,建立的一种崭新的描述岩土力学问题的统一理论模型。该模型引入“颗粒熵运动”和“弹性弛豫”,对土体颗粒层次的耗散机制进行了合理地考虑,这些使得模型能够更深入描述土体的变形和能量耗散机理,从而能够在统一理论框架中描述岩土体复杂多变的物理力学行为。基于该理论模型,研究了饱和土体的固结压缩和蠕变问题,分析了加载速率、应力/应变路径和非单调荷载等因素的影响规律。模拟结果表明：模型具有描述复杂条件下的饱和土体的固结压缩和蠕变特性的能力,具有较高的理论和工程应用价值。     

基于地域乡土观念的金梅湖乡村文化活动中心建筑规划设计

基于乡土观念的现象与特点,探讨了在城市化进程中乡村文化活动空间设计的定位、原则及方法,以金梅湖乡村文化活动中心建筑设计为例,其设计遵从表达乡村文化地域特色与提升乡村生活品质并重的思路,以期带给乡村经济、社会以及环境的平衡、健康发展。     

Less cyber,more café: Enhancing existing small businesses across the digital divide with ICTs

About 10% of the world has access to information and communication technologies (ICTs). Telecenters and cyber cafés are one prevalent way to increase access. This paper suggests increasing access through currently existing, local businesses where people already gather and where proprietors already posses existing business relationships with suppliers and customers. This paper questions the prevailing emphasis on the “cyber'' characteristics of access, e.g., computing and internet access as is currently known, and attempts to refocus the conversation by considering computing and access in the context of the “café,” e.g., as public life in the sense of Habermas, which permits an in situ evolution of relevant access. This analysis is based on extant literature and direct ethnographic research in several public places in six countries. We offer example design perspectives based on a reflection of “third places” as inspiration for appropriate innovation in the provision of computing and communications. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Pharmacokinetics of amitriptyline in rabbit skin and plasma following iontophoretic administrations

Background: Amitriptyline (AMT) is a tricyclic antidepressant with demonstrated local analgesic effects in human skin. Aim: We investigated the feasibility and mechanisms of iontophoretic delivery of AMT to rabbit dermis and plasma. Method: Two microdialysis probes were inserted into the upper dorsal shaved skin of tranquilized rabbits. After 1 hour, an iontophoresis cartridge was placed on top of one probe. The cartridge consisted of a stainless steel electrode covered with a pad that was filled with a 4.3 % AMT glycerin/water (50:50). Iontophoresis was performed at 100, 200, or 300 μA/cm² constant-current density for 60 minutes. Dialysate samples were collected every 8 minutes for 3 hours and analyzed for AMT via a validated high-performance liquid chromatographic assay. Retrodialysis was performed at the other site. Blood samples were collected serially for 4 hours. Results: In vivo retrodialysis recovery was 89 ± 2%. AMT skin exposure increased non-proportionally with current density: AUCs were 19 ± 7, 119 ± 56, and 615 ± 302 mg/L/min for the 100, 200, and 300 μA/cm², respectively, and C_max were 107 ± 15, 1070 ± 537, and 5870 ± 1289 μg/L. In vivo plasma concentrations were always below LLOQ (0.1 μg/mL). Conclusion: AMT can be administered by iontophoresis and produces significant skin concentrations and negligible plasma levels.     

储配站进出站压力匹配分析

对于没有压缩机组的储配站来说,在出站压力一定的情况下,由于站场内部的压力损失,其进站压力受到一定的限制。针对此情况,笔者对站场的压力损失展开研究,并深入分析了确定管段局部压力损失的途径,得到直接利用求得的管段总局部阻力系数计算局部压力损失的方法。然后,通过对实际站场的研究,最终确定不同流量下该储配站进、出站压力的匹配情况。这样既可以指导调度中心决策的制定,又能够为站场压力调节工作提供依据,有效避免了调度中心与站场之间工作中的矛盾。     

随器补偿技术问题探讨

随器补偿是新生事物,优点很多,但要推行起来,一些技术问题还难以解决,主要是安装位置的选择、补偿容量的确定、以及随器补偿电容器保护问题。文章结合当前城乡电网具体情况,针对这些难点问题进行探讨,提出了解决这些难点的意见。