寒区输油管道正反输温降规律分析

采用SPS仿真软件建立寒区埋地热油管道的正反输仿真模型,对正反输送工艺的温降变化进行仿真。分析正反输运行时沿线油温随时间变化规律,首站油温随时间变化规律及不同时刻加热后的油头在管道中流动时的温降变化规律。仿真结果分析表明,反输开始后,反输首站油温先迅速降低后升高,最后达到稳定,且反输运行温降变化在20h左右达到稳定;对于保温管道,反输最低温度出现在冷油头到达首站时,在制定正反输运行方案时需特别注意。通过运用SPS软件对埋地热油管道正反输温降分析,可对以后制定正反输运行方案具有一定指导意义。     

水下局部干法GMAW排水罩内流体运动分析

水下局部干法焊接利用排水罩导入高压气体,排除罩内水流,形成局部气相空间,便于水下焊接作业。罩内排水效果及流体状态对焊接过程有一定影响,采用数值模拟方法对不同进气方式的圆柱形及长方形排水罩内流体运动状态进行了分析。数值模拟结果表明,通过向排水罩中导入高压气体可以有效排出罩内水流,形成局部气相空间;排水后,排水罩模型出口区域的流体速度极高,能够有效形成气体屏蔽;圆柱形排水罩的均布入口模型及长方形排水罩模型在工件焊接区域的流体速度分布较为平稳;均布入口方式排水罩内湍流动能最低,能够确保稳定的后续焊接环境。依据数值模拟的边界条件开展排水罩排水实验,其排水过程与数值模拟基本一致,表明了数值模拟结果具有一定的可信度,可为水下局部干法焊接的排水罩结构设计提供参考数据。     

Visualization of water drying in porous materials by X‐ray phase contrast imaging

We present in this study results from X‐ray tomographic microscopy with synchrotron radiation performed both in attenuation and phase contrast modes on a limestone sample during two stages of water drying. No contrast agent was used in order to increase the X‐ray attenuation by water. We show that only by using the phase contrast mode it is possible to achieve enough water content change resolution to investigate the drying process at the pore‐scale. We performed 3D image analysis of the time‐differential phase contrast tomogram. We show by the results of such analysis that it is possible to obtain a reliable characterization of the spatial redistribution of water in the resolved pore system in agreement with what expected from the theory of drying in porous media and from measurements performed with other approaches. We thus show the potential of X‐ray phase contrast imaging for pore‐scale investigations of reactive water transport processes which cannot be imaged by adding a contrast agent for exploiting the standard attenuation contrast imaging mode.     

Image contrast reduction mechanism in full‐field optical coherence tomography

Correct interpretation of image contrast obtained with full‐field optical coherence tomography (FFOCT) technique is required for accurate medical diagnosis applications. In this work, first, the characteristics of microscopic structures of tissue that generate the contrast in en‐face tomographic image obtained with FFOCT are discussed. Then an overview is given of the parameters that affect image contrast. Finally, the contrast correction factor for correct image interpretation and the contrast limits to practical FFOCT systems are outlined.     

压力对水下焊条局部干法焊接电弧稳定性的影响

在压力舱中进行不同压力下的水下焊条局部干法焊接试验,采用统计分析和快速傅立叶变换研究了压力对水下电弧稳定性的影响.结果表明,铁粉低氢钾型焊条焊接主要进行粗熔滴短路过渡,随着压力的增加,短路时间由常压焊接的5~7 ms增加到8~10 ms,表明熔滴的平均尺寸增大.压力环境下,焊条熔化速度增大,弧压反馈调节系统的工作点上移,电弧电压增大.傅里叶变换结果表明,常压电弧电压信号的主要特征频率低于10 Hz,压力下电压信号的频谱图中出现大量高于10 Hz的谱线,说明信号突变性更强,电弧稳定性降低.     

退火工艺路径对980 MPa级高强钢组织及性能的影响

为了提升980 MPa级高强钢局部成形性能,采用万能试验机、场发射扫描电镜(SEM)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)及综合成形试验机等研究了不同退火工艺路径的980 MPa高强钢微观组织和力学性能,并评价了其扩孔及局部成形性能。结果表明,除了有铁素体和马氏体两相外,新型Q&T工艺的组织结构还存在回火马氏体中间相,铁素体和马氏体平均晶粒尺寸分别为3.14μm和2.62μm,马氏体面积分数为61.0%,而传统工艺下为典型的铁素体及马氏体双相组织,铁素体和马氏体平均晶粒尺寸分别为4.77μm和2.77μm,马氏体面积分数为35.8%。两种工艺伸长率相差不大,但屈服强度和扩孔率具有明显差异,新型Q&T工艺下获得了更高的屈强比及扩孔性能,得益于其更小铁素体晶粒尺寸及铁素体和马氏体硬度差。传统工艺下真实断裂应变(TFS)与真实均匀应变ε_u比值为7.0,而新型Q&T工艺下比值为15.2,因此新型Q&T工艺下具有更优异的局部成形特性。     

What matters the most for economic development? Evidence from the Community Development Financial Institutions Fund

Governments use incentive programmes to attract new businesses. Due to limited resources, there are questions about which incentives are most effective. Using establishment data from California, and data on the location of disbursements through two federal programmes, we consider the effectiveness of different programmes in attracting new businesses. We find that the amount of funding through the New Markets Tax Credit programme has a significant impact on business activity but find no evidence of an effect from the Community Development Financial Institutions programme. Our results suggest that the effectiveness of these programmes depends on how they provide assistance.     

工程教育认证背景下水利水电工程专业培养方案的构建——以黑龙江八一农垦大学为例

加入《华盛顿协议》后,中国工程教育开始进入全新的发展阶段。立足于服务区域经济发展,黑龙江八一农垦大学水利水电工程专业以人才培养目标、培养要求和课程体系为着手点,将工程教育理念与区域经济发展要求相融合,构建人才培养方案,为地方高校在工程教育背景下开展特色内涵建设,实现同类院校间的错位竞争探索有效的路径。     

川西地区地热资源概况及开发区划探讨

川西地区地热资源丰富,为隆起山地对流型中高温地热资源。热储层属带状热储,岩性主要为断层构造岩,热源主要来自现代活动性大断裂沟通深部幔源岩浆热及沿断裂破碎带产生的机械摩擦热,水源主要为大气降水,成因模式为深循环。基于野外调查、取样分析及区域地质资料分析,区内水热类型齐全,分布严格受控于区内构造且与人口分布具有良好重叠性,流体水化学类型以HCO_3-Na型为主,多富含氟与硅且浓度多达理疗热矿水命名浓度,理疗价值高。依据地热流体与热储温度区划、流体水化学特征区划及区域资源等综合因素,将区内地热资源具体区划为3种类型,以供暖、发电为主的6个优先开发区,以休闲旅游、康体保健为主的10个重点开发区及按需利用为主的暂缓开发区。针对地热资源在开发利用过程中可能产生的环境地质问题,提出针对性预防措施,实现地热资源可持续开发利用。     

江苏沿海地区体育旅游资源开发研究

本文通过对江苏沿海地区体育旅游的资源优势和良好发展机遇的分析，设计了以海水、风、沙、湿地、山岳、海滨森林、海滨乡村、温泉和民族体育为基础的体育旅游产品，并提出了开发策略。