Glioblastoma Extracellular Vesicle-Specific Peptides Inhibit EV-Induced Neuronal Cytotoxicity

WHO Grade 4 IDH-wild type astrocytoma (GBM) is the deadliest brain tumor with a poor prognosis. Meningioma (MMA) is a more common “benign” central nervous system tumor but with significant recurrence rates. There is an urgent need for brain tumor biomarkers for early diagnosis and effective treatment options. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are tiny membrane-enclosed vesicles that play essential functions in cell-to-cell communications among tumor cells. We aimed to identify epitopes of brain tumor EVs by phage peptide libraries. EVs from GBM plasma, MMA plasma, or brain tumor cell lines were used to screen phage-displayed random peptide libraries to identify high-affinity peptides. We purified EVs from three GBM plasma pools (23 patients), one MMA pool (10 patients), and four brain tumor cell lines. We identified a total of 21 high-affinity phage peptides (12 unique) specific to brain tumor EVs. The peptides shared high sequence homologies among those selected by the same EVs. Dose–response ELISA demonstrated that phage peptides were specific to brain tumor EVs compared to controls. Peptide affinity purification identified unique brain tumor EV subpopulations. Significantly, GBM EV peptides inhibit brain tumor EV-induced complement-dependent cytotoxicity (necrosis) in neurons. We conclude that phage display technology could identify specific peptides to isolate and characterize tumor EVs.     

Dipotassium Glycyrrhizinate on Melanoma Cell Line: Inhibition of Cerebral Metastases Formation by Targeting NF-kB Genes-Mediating MicroRNA-4443 and MicroRNA-3620—Dipotassium Glycyrrhizinate Effect on Melanoma

Glycyrrhizic acid (GA), a natural compound isolated from licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), has exhibited anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects in vitro. Dipotassium glycyrrhizinate (DPG), a dipotassium salt of GA, also has shown an anti-tumor effect on glioblastoma cell lines, U87MG and T98G. The study investigated the DPG effects in the melanoma cell line (SK-MEL-28). MTT assay demonstrated that the viability of the cells was significantly decreased in a time- and dose-dependent manner after DPG (IC₅₀ = 36 mM; 24 h). DNA fragmentation suggested that DPG (IC₅₀) induced cellular apoptosis, which was confirmed by a significant number of TUNEL-positive cells (p-value = 0.048) and by PARP-1 [0.55 vs. 1.02 arbitrary units (AUs), p-value = 0.001], BAX (1.91 vs. 1.05 AUs, p-value = 0.09), and BCL-2 (0.51 vs. 1.07 AUs, p-value = 0.0018) mRNA compared to control cells. The proliferation and wound-healing assays showed an anti-proliferative effect on DPG-IC₅₀-treated cells, also indicating an inhibitory effect on cell migration (p-values < 0.001). Moreover, it was observed that DPG promoted a 100% reduction in melanospheres formation (p-value = 0.008). Our previous microRNAs (miRs) global analysis has revealed that DPG might increase miR-4443 and miR-3620 expression levels. Thus, qPCR showed that after DPG treatment, SK-MEL-28 cells presented significantly high miR-4443 (1.77 vs. 1.04 AUs, p-value = 0.02) and miR-3620 (2.30 vs. 1.00 AUs, p-value = 0.01) expression compared to control cells, which are predicted to target the NF-kB, CD209 and TNC genes, respectively. Both genes are responsible for cell attachment and migration, and qPCR revealed significantly decreased CD209 (1.01 vs. 0.54 AUs, p-value = 0.018) and TNC (1.00 vs. 0.31 AUs, p-value = 2.38 × 10⁻⁶) mRNA expression levels after DPG compared to untreated cells. Furthermore, the migration of SK-MEL-28 cells stimulated by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) was attenuated by adding DPG by wound-healing assay (48 h: p-value = 0.004; 72 h: p-value = 7.0 × 10⁻⁴). In addition, the MMP-9 expression level was inhibited by DPG in melanoma cells stimulated by TPA and compared to TPA-treated cells (3.56 vs. 0.99 AUs, p-value = 0.0016) after 24 h of treatment. Our results suggested that DPG has an apoptotic, anti-proliferative, and anti-migratory effect on SK-MEL-28 cells. DPG was also able to inhibit cancer stem-like cells that may cause cerebral tumor formation.     

雷达空气板线的优化设计

空气板线功分网络是一种随着微波电子技术、计算技术的发展而发展起来的新型微波功能部件,一般用于雷达天线和馈线系统中,是构成阵列天线的重要部件,要求刚度高、重量轻、密封可靠,文中根据优化理论,对空气板线的主要参数进行了优化设计,并通过有限元分析软件和实验手段进行了验证.     

架空输电线路环境荷载响应与设计理论的研究

我国地域广阔, 气候跨区域变化较大, 地形地貌复杂多变, 各地区风、雨以及导线覆冰的分布规律千差万别。由于目前环境荷载因素对输电塔线结构的严重破坏频繁发生, 造成了巨大的经济损失。因此, 有必要建立输电塔线结构环境荷载响应分析理论和进行设计优化, 提高其结构设计的规范水准, 并加强灾害监测控制。这对减轻环境荷载造成的输电塔线结构的灾害具有不可估量的作用。     

DInSAR监测地表三维形变的方法

本文介绍了几种利用DInSAR技术监测地表三维形变的方法,并深入分析了它们各自的优缺点,对它们的使用条件和使用中的应注意的事项进行了讨论。对于DInSAR监测地表三维形变方法的选择,应取决于数据条件,地质情况以及精度等几个因素。文章的最后展望了DInSAR监测地表三维形变方法的发展趋势。     

江门市区10 kV架空线路雷击分析和防治措施

以江门市区10kV架空线路雷击率为研究对象,以架空线路年雷击率计算理论为基础,对年均公里雷击率理论值与实际值进行比较分析。分析结果表明,市区裸导线的年均公里雷击率低于理论值的50%,绝缘导线的年均公里雷击率基本接近理论值,各镇线路的年均公里雷击率都超过理论值。最后针对存在的问题,提出了有效防雷措施和方法。     

移动融冰装置在RTDS上的仿真试验研究

西安整流器公司"KYAF-1200/14000直流移动融冰电源"进行了不同运行工况的RTDS实时仿真试验,对融冰线路耦合感应、投低压补偿电容、融冰装置正常启动过程的谐波等进行了试验分析,根据仿真试验.提出了有效的融冰运行方式的建议,以提高融冰装置运行的安全性和稳定性.     

三角网格表面等残留高度刀轨生成算法

针对截平面法规划的三角网格表面的刀轨长度较长、加工表面残留高度不均匀的问题,提出一种基于改进截平面法的等残留高度刀轨生成算法.首先在估算刀触点轨迹线垂直方向曲率半径的基础上,计算刀触点轨迹投影线并对其进行修正,去除其中冗余的投影点;然后由修正后的刀触点轨迹投影线构造驱动表面,利用驱动表面和网格表面迭代计算刀触点轨迹线;最后由刀触点轨迹线计算无干涉刀轨.与截平面法生成的刀轨进行比较分析的结果表明,文中算法生成的刀轨长度较小且获得的残留高度保持均匀,适合于三角网格表面表示的复杂表面的精加工.     

多边形填充的扫描线算法及其实现

多变形填充算法是图形学中一个比较复杂的算法。对多边形填充算法进行了介绍,用VC 实现了X-Y扫描线算法,该算法可以对任意形状的多边形(包括自相交的多边形)进行填充。     

基于调峰形势的联络线受电模型及其优化

探讨了基于调峰形势的联络线受电优化模型。该模型根据负荷预测数据,采用分时电价计算方法,综合考虑电网内机组的发电、联络线受电和调峰能力三者的关系,在保证电网安全的条件下,得到了经济效益优化的受电曲线,从而改变了以往受电曲线由人工凭经验制定的状况,为电网的安全经济运行提供了技术依据。