A ReScUE XML/EDI model

Since electronic data interchange (EDI) is one of the most important components in electronic commerce and since Extensible Markup Language (XML) provides Internet developers with a powerful vehicle for exchanging messages, XML/EDI has received much attention from almost all well‐known international enterprises and is believed to be the next generation EDI. However, since XML allows developers to design their own elements and attributes, it is almost certain businesses will receive XML documents with unknown elements. Generally, human intervention is required to solve the problem. Therefore, it is indispensable to design an efficient scheme to resolve the unknown elements. In this paper, we propose a ReScUE XML/EDI model such that transformation templates will be generated automatically for documents with unknown elements, and the documents will be converted into expected format. This model increases the flexibility of XML/EDI systems and reduces human intervention. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

MooseFS热备元数据节点设计与实现

针对MooseFS元数据节点的单点故障问题，对MooseFS源码进行改造，为其增加一个热备的备元数据节点，并通过主备之间同步元数据，备节点回放操作日志等技术使得备元数据节点内存中的元数据时刻跟主元数据节点保持一致。当主元数据节点发生故障切换到备元数据节点后，备元数据节点无需从本地加载元数据即可快速接替主元数据节点对外提供服务。测试结果表明，备元数据节点本地和内存中的元数据均与主元数据节点保持一致，且故障恢复时间小于1 s。     

A large-scale evaluation of automated metadata inference approaches on sensors from air handling units

Building automation systems provide abundant sensor data to enable the potential of using data analytics to, among other things, improve the energy efficiency of the building. However, deployment of these applications for buildings, such as, fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) on multiple buildings remains a challenge due to the non-trivial efforts of organizing, managing and extracting metadata associated with sensors (e.g., information about their location, function, etc.), which is required by applications. One of the reasons leading to the problem is that varying conventions, acronyms, and standards are used to define this metadata. To better understand the nature of the problem, as well as the performance and scalability of existing solutions, we implement and test 6 different time-series based metadata inference approaches on sensors from 614 air handling units (AHU) instrumented in 35 building sites accounting for more than 400 buildings distributed across United States of America. We infer 12 types of sensors and actuators in AHUs required by a rule-based FDD application: AHU performance and assessment rules (APAR). Our results show that: (1) the average performance of these approaches in terms of accuracy is similar across building sites, though there is significant variance; (2) the expected accuracy of classifying the type of points required by APAR for a new unseen building is, on average, 75%; (3) the performance of the model does not decrease as long as training data and testing data are extracted from adjacent months.     

Does social capital reduce entrepreneurs' petty corruption? Evidence across Indonesian regions

Petty corruption is a barrier to entrepreneurship in emerging countries, justifying to investigate its determinants. Using data on 1,240 entrepreneurs across Indonesian regions, we analyse the effects of social capital. Two-evel ordered probit regressions show that weak-ties discourage entrepreneurs' bribing, strong-ties encourage it, whereas this latter effect is moderated by the quality of access to formal credit. Bribing banks or turning to relatives for external funding are alternative solutions for entrepreneurs facing poor access to formal credit, a common feature in emerging countries, and the second solution is preferred given the risk and psychological costs of corruption.     

基于压缩近邻的查重元数据去冗算法设计

随着重复数据删除次数的增加,系统中用于存储指纹索引的清单文件等元数据信息会不断累积,导致不可忽视的存储资源开销。因此,如何在不影响重复数据删除率的基础上,对重复数据删除过程中产生的元数据信息进行压缩,从而减小查重索引,是进一步提高重复数据删除效率和存储资源利用率的重要因素。针对查重元数据中存在大量冗余数据,提出了一种基于压缩近邻的查重元数据去冗算法Dedup2。该算法先利用聚类算法将查重元数据分为若干类,然后利用压缩近邻算法消除查重元数据中相似度较高的数据以获得查重子集,并在该查重子集上利用文件相似性对数据对象进行重复数据删除操作。实验结果表明,Dedup2可以在保持近似的重复数据删除比的基础上,将查重索引大小压缩50%以上。     

Dialectics of Power: The Case of Tulihta Land-use Agreement

Case studies of planning which involve criminal corruption are rare. The article presents a Finnish court case known as “Tulihta”, concerning the breach of a land purchase contract and treachery in the preparation of the detailed plan for the land property in question, during 1989–1993. The case is analysed from the power perspective by using a framework developed by Mäntysalo and Rajaniemi (2003 Mäntysalo, R. and Rajaniemi, J. 2003. Vallan ulottuvuuksia maankäytön suunnittelussa. Synteesi, 22(3): 117–136.  [Google Scholar]). In the framework, two sets of binary characteristics of power, namely power as control and as ability, and explicit and implicit power, are combined into a horizontal-vertical field. The case analysis is aimed to test the applicability of the framework, as well as to reveal the manifold aspects of power at play in a land-use planning process.     

Measuring quality of government in EU regions across space and time

A wave of recent cross-national research has pointed to the positive consequences for countries with high levels of “quality of government” (QoG), broadly defined, such as corruption, impartiality, and quality of public services. Yet the question of how QoG varies at the sub-national level is still widely overlooked, in particular with measures that are available over time. To address it, we present the third round of data from the regional European Quality of Government Index (EQI) survey corruption (D73), Europe (N44) governance (H11); sub-national (R50), time series (C22), collected in 2017 and built upon the opinions of 78,000 respondents in 193 regions from 21 European countries. The data provides several contributions to the literature. First, while the majority of QoG-type indices rely on expert assessments, the EQI relies on the assessments of citizens, who are the on-the-ground consumers of public services. Second, the data begins to show trends on QoG variation over time, as well as across European regions. Consequently, this data is the most comprehensive sub-national data to date; mapping of QoG within and across EU countries over the past decade. Building on previous rounds of data collected in 2010 and 2013, the 2017 EQI, which is published free for scholarly use, builds on both perceptions and experiences of citizens in public service areas such as health care, education, and law enforcement. This paper presents the results of the latest survey, improved with respect to the previous ones, discussion of trends across space and over time, as well as interesting avenues for future research that we detect across European regions.     

一种集群多媒体存储系统的研究与设计

随着网络上多媒体数据的爆炸性增长和集群技术的快速发展,设计并实现了一个基于PC集群的高性能集群多媒体存储系统（cluster multimedia storage system,CMSS）,CMSS系统采用高自治、自维护的集群策略,提高了系统的并行性和可扩展性;采用逻辑元数据管理技术,即实现了单一名字空间,又避免了单点失效;采用服务器数据备份技术,即提高了系统的数据安全性,也解决了服务器之间的负载平衡．在详细介绍了CMSS系统设计方案的同时,进行了相应的实验测试和性能分析。     

基于OAI-PMH架构的元数据分类研究

提出了一种基于规则和学习相结合的元数据分类存储的方法,该方法通过统计分析,提取对元数据分类影响较大的通用特征规则,对无法用规则分类的元数据,采用文本学习方法,将元数据记录看成由多个属性字段组成的文本,通过构造分类器实现分类。实验结果表明,采用元数据分类存储方法具有良好的检索性能。