Microdroplet coalescences at microchannel junctions with different collision angles

Microdroplet coalescence mechanism is very important for the miniaturization of multiphase chemical processes with microstructured devices. Using three working systems with different physical properties, this article presents an experimental study on the fluid dynamics of microdroplet coalescence at different microchannel junctions. The critical capillary number to distinguish coalescence or noncoalescence of microdroplet is investigated and its variations with droplet size, collision angle, and physical properties are analyzed with two important parameters – the film drainage time and droplet contact time. Experimental results indicate that microdroplet coalescence can be enhanced by reducing the droplet collision angle. The differences of microdroplet coalescences in confined microchannels and free‐flowing spaces are provided with the analysis of critical capillary number. A model equation is proposed to predict the critical capillary numbers in this study, which may provide valuable information for the design and development of new microstructured chemical device. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 643–649, 2013     

微通道内气-液两相传质过程行为及其应用

微通道内气-液两相体系中Taylor流和泡状流具有气泡尺寸均一、停留时间分布窄、可调控性强和比表面积高等优点,具有广泛的应用前景。从Taylor气泡和泡状气泡的传质过程出发,系统综述了微尺度下气泡的溶解规律、传质过程机理和传质/溶解模型等方面的研究进展,并介绍上述流型在反应或过程强化、基础物性及动力学数据测量和微纳材料合成方面的应用。最后总结并展望了技术领域的研究难点与研究方向。     

Effect of nanoparticle shapes on irreversibility analysis of nanofluid in a microchannel with individual effects of radiative heat flux,velocity slip and convective heating

In this study, the flow of a nanoliquid in a microchannel is examined. Two distinct metallic nanoparticles, titanium and silver, are used in this study. The slip regime and convective boundary are considered to compute the momentum and energy balance equation. The mathematical expressions are made dimensionless by using nondimensional quantities. A numerical approach called Runge‐Kutta‐Fehlberg scheme is employed to obtain the solution. Effects of the internal heat source and radiative flux on fluid model are examined. The upshots of the pertinent flow parameter and the physical features are visualized through graphical elucidations. The effect of flow constraints on the second law analysis for the described physical phenomenon is predicted. Conclusion indicates that lowering of temperature of the nanofluid is obtained by higher values of nanoparticle volume fraction. The causes of irreversibility in a thermal system is explored in this investigation. The results indicate that nonspherical nanoparticles has higher thermal conductivity ratio as compared with spherical nanoparticles. Minimization of entropy can be attained through increasing volume fraction of titanium and silver nanoparticles. Besides, it is emphasized that entropy generation is high in case of disc‐shaped nanoparticles, followed by needle and sphere shapes.     

细胞注射玻璃微针拉针器的研制

为了解决拉针器国产化的问题,设计出温度、拉力、拉伸速度等参数可变的试验机。以国产玻璃毛细管为拉制原材料,进行了基于方差分析基础上的4组加热温度、拉力、拉伸速度的不同配置的系列实验,分析了在毛细玻璃管拉伸预拉力在1280～1310g强度允许范围内变化及加热温度对针的长度影响,在试验机上进行了用于微流量分析的圆形玻璃微管道拉制试验,研究了拉伸行程及加热温度对微管道内径的影响,实现了仪器的性能多样化。最后提出了拉针器商品化的设计方案。     

An analytical solution to the extended Navier–Stokes equations using the Lambert W function

Microchannel gas flows are of importance in a wide range of microelectro mechanical devices. In these flows, the mean free path of the gas can be comparable to the characteristic length of the microchannel, leading to strong diffusion‐enhanced transport of momentum. Numerical solutions to the extended Navier–Stokes equations (ENSE) have successfully modeled such microchannel flows. Analytical solutions to the ENSE for the pressure and velocity fields using the Lambert W function are derived. We find that diffusive contributions to the total transport are only dominant for low average pressures and low pressure drops across the microchannel. For large inlet pressures, we show that the expressions involving the Lambert W function predict steep gradients in the pressure and velocity localized near the channel exit. We extract a characteristic length for this boundary layer. Our analytical results are validated by numerical and experimental results available in the literature. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 60: 1413–1423, 2014     

采用折叠扁管与挤压扁管的微通道换热器长效特性

对采用折叠扁管与传统挤压扁管的微通道换热器长效特性进行了对比研究。分别进行了标准盐雾腐蚀实验,对比腐蚀前后两个换热器样品的换热量、空气侧压降和总热阻变化情况,结果表明,折叠扁管的样品在腐蚀后的各项性能均优于挤压管的样品。传统挤压扁管样件的翅片与扁管连接处率先被腐蚀破坏,14 d腐蚀后就可观察明显的翅片脱落现象,且在28 d腐蚀后挤压扁管上出现泄漏;折叠扁管样件则是翅片率先被腐蚀,而翅片与扁管的连接处没有明显损坏,在49 d腐蚀后折叠扁管没有出现泄漏现象。这是由于折叠扁管能方便地配备保护层,实现牺牲翅片保护扁管的方法,在腐蚀过程中能有效地保护更为重要的扁管。折叠扁管的长效特性优于传统挤压扁管。     

微通道内伴有化学吸收气液两相流的空隙率与压力降

微通道内气液两相流空隙率与压力降对微反应器的热质传递性能有显著影响,是微反应器的重要设计参数。采用高速摄像仪和压力测量系统分别对矩形微通道内单乙醇胺水溶液化学吸收CO₂过程的空隙率和压力降进行了研究,考察了弹状流下气液两相流量与化学反应速率对空隙率及压力降的影响。结果表明:当液相流量一定时,微通道内空隙率和压力降均随着气相流量的增大而增大,空隙率随化学反应速率的增大而减小,压力降随化学反应速率的增大而增大;当气相流量一定时,随着液相流量和化学反应速率的上升,微通道内空隙率下降,而压力降上升。提出了微通道内伴有化学吸收的空隙率和压力降的半理论预测模型,模型平均误差分别为15.79%和11.12%,显示了良好的预测性能。     

微槽冷却热沉结构尺寸的优化设计

以热阻和压降作为2个目标函数建立了微槽冷却热沉的多目标优化模型,采用序列二次规划(SQP)方法对微槽的结构尺寸进行了优化设计。优化结果表明:微槽冷却热沉的结构形状对传热性能有很大的影响,与三角形和梯形结构相比,矩形微槽结构的传热效率更高。给出了2种加权系数情况下的优化尺寸,相应的微槽宽度分别为130μm和120μm,槽栅的宽度分别为176μm和350μm,微槽的高度分别为640μm和1000μm,相应的热阻分别为0.4857K/W和0.5094 K/W。对以上得到的优化结构的微槽冷却热沉的流体流动和传热进行了数值模拟,得到芯片的最高温度分别为358.34 K和361.52 K,完全可以满足工作芯片对温度的要求。     

流道截面参量对微通道水冷镜热变形的影响

采用将有限体积法求解三维层流传热方程获得的温度场耦合到ANSYS进行热变形分析的方法,研究了流道截面形状和尺寸对微通道水冷镜内传热现象和镜面热畸变的影响。计算了矩形、梯形、圆形3种截面形状以及3种不同水力直径(百微米量级)下微通道水冷镜的平均换热系数、温升和镜面热变形。结果表明,同一条流道,各壁面温度并不随激光辐照面和镜面呈对称分布,最高温度偏向下游;侧壁的换热系数最大,且沿水流方向逐步减小;流道距进水口距离越大,其换热系数越小。在3种截面形状微通道中,减小截面尺寸可获得较大换热系数,且梯形截面微通道水冷镜能获得最小的镜面热变形量,在热流密度为14730 W/m2,水力直径为239μm,入口速度为2.54m/s的条件下,其镜面热变形仅为0.016μm。     

Three-dimensional numerical simulation of heat and fluid flow in noncircular microchannel heat sinks

A three-dimensional model of heat transfer and fluid flow in noncircular microchannel heat sinks is developed and analyzed numerically. It is found that Nusselt number has a much higher value at the inlet region, but quickly approaches the constant fully developed value. The temperature in both solid and fluid increases along the flow direction. In addition, the comparison of thermal efficiencies is conducted among triangular, rectangular and trapezoidal microchannels. The result indicates that the triangular microchannel has the highest thermal efficiency.