云环境下实现容器部署的加速粒子群优化算法

基于容器的微服务部署是一个具有挑战性的问题,为获得更好的用户体验并给云供应商带来更多的利润,需要在降低微服务的故障率和减少响应时间的同时提高资源利用率。提出了一种改进的加速粒子群优化算法,用于解决集群中微服务容器部署的多目标优化问题。该算法通过考虑微服务之间的调用关系,使得容器聚集在一起,从而降低服务的数据传输成本、减少故障率,并提高集群资源利用率。与现有部署算法相比,实验结果表明,所提出的优化算法在服务间的数据传输开销、故障率和资源利用率等性能指标上有明显改善。具体表现在：容器聚集度的提升达到40%以上,数据传输消耗平均有提升4%以上,故障率减少10%～20%,利用率提升3%左右。     

软件复用技术初探

面向对象方法是软件复用技术的基本思想.文章在软件复用概念的基础上探讨了面向对象方法,然后介绍软构件的概念并分析了它的一些特征:它具有封装性和继承性的优点;它由构件与技术说明书组成,这个说明书用来详细描述构件的功能;它比类具有更广阔的应用前景.最后给出了基于复用技术的软件开发方法和开发原则.     

Information Modelling as a Paradigm Shift

Building information modelling (BIM) is not just a change in software or skills sets, it requires a paradigm shift. Dennis Shelden , Chief Technology Officer of Gehry Technologies, outlines the more ‘fundamental, subtle and profound decisions’ on the road to BIM. It is necessary to fully consider not only the impacts both ‘upstream’ and ‘downstream’ from the conventional design phase, but also the possible creative restrictions as there is a potential trade-off that comes with the emphasis on collaborative processes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Using maintenance rehearsal to explore recognition memory.

We examined associative and item recognition using the maintenance rehearsal paradigm. Our intent was to control for mnemonic strategies; to produce a low, graded level of learning; and to provide evidence of the role of attention in long-term memory. An advantage for low-frequency words emerged in both associative and item recognition at very low levels of learning. This early emergence casts doubt on explanations based on the traditional concept of recollection. A comparison of false alarms supports a role for item information or the joint use of cues but not familiarity in producing associative false alarms. We may also have found a way to measure the amount of attention being paid to a to-be-learned item or pair, independently of memory performance on the attended item. This result may be an important step in determining whether coherent theories about the role of attention in long- and short-term memory can be created. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Tracking the time course of orthographic information in spoken-word recognition.

Two visual-world experiments evaluated the time course and use of orthographic information in spoken-word recognition using printed words as referents. Participants saw 4 words on a computer screen and listened to spoken sentences instructing them to click on one of the words (e.g., Click on the word bead). The printed words appeared 200 ms before the onset of the spoken target word. In Experiment 1, the display included the target word and a competitor with either a lower degree (e.g., bear) or a higher degree (e.g., bean) of phonological overlap with the target. Both competitors had the same degree of orthographic overlap with the target. There were more fixations to the competitors than to unrelated distractors. Crucially, the likelihood of fixating a competitor did not vary as a function of the amount of phonological overlap between target and competitor. In Experiment 2, the display included the target word and a competitor with either a lower degree (e.g., bare) or a higher degree (e.g., bear) of orthographic overlap with the target. Competitors were homophonous and thus had the same degree of phonological overlap with the target. There were more fixations to higher overlap competitors than to lower overlap competitors, beginning during the temporal interval where initial fixations driven by the vowel are expected to occur. The authors conclude that orthographic information is rapidly activated as a spoken word unfolds and is immediately used in mapping spoken words onto potential printed referents. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Analyzing Method of Temporal Brain Activation in fMRI Measurements

In this paper, we propose a method to acquire the temporal changes of activations by combining a slide of the analysis time window and t‐value. An advantage of this method is that it can acquire rough changes of the activated areas even with data having low time resolution. Nine normal subjects participated in the study of the visual oddball paradigm, which consisted of a random series of 30 targets and 30 control stimuli. Here, the subjects were instructed to push a button as the go‐task when a target stimulus occurred. We investigated the activated area in three types of analysis time sections: from stimulus onset to 5 s after the stimulus (time section A; TS‐A); from 5 to 10 s (TS‐B); and from 10 to 15 s (TS‐C). We also investigated the temporal change of the t‐value between go and no‐go responses in blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signals. In this study, we picked up the following eight representative areas corresponding with previous reports: left primary motor area and left somatosensory motor area, supramarginal gyri (SMG), right superior parietal lobule, right inferior frontal gyrus, cerebellum (cerebellar tonsil), and right medial frontal gyrus. Among them, the left primary motor area and left somatosensory motor area showed prominent activation (t > 10) in TS‐A and TS‐B, respectively. Activity at the left supramarginal gyrus decreased gradually with time, and right insula showed constant activation through all time sections. We could see various patterns on temporal activation at different positions in the brain. Copyright © 2008 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

情景-结构-行为-绩效范式下的纺织产业转移动因分析

为更好地了解纺织产业转移的微观影响因素,在分析国际转移和国内转移的基础上,从资本、劳动力、产品等基本要素异质性的前提出发,基于情景结构行为绩效的研究范式,应用问卷调查和深度访谈等方法,探究和挖掘了纺织产业转移的不同动因。对国内外６４ 家纺织企业进行实证分析,结果表明：成本和政治环境是影响国际采购商选择供应商的２ 个最重要因素;在国内生产商进行生产转移的动因中,产品价格已经退居第二,服务水平已跃升为首要因素;就国际买家订单转移和国内生产商产能转移来看,为寻求最优的价格,劳动力成本低的东南亚地区已成为主要阵地。     

Lean schools of thought

Academia has produced theoretical and practical knowledge about lean for over 30?years, and for that reason, research is in a mature phase. To organise this knowledge, we propose a typology of lean schools of thought. Schools were categorised into two paradigms of organisational analysis – interpretivist and functionalist – to clarify theoretical assumptions about how each conducts scientific investigations and what contributions they generate. Seven schools were identified: systems engineering, systems architecture, operations research, organisational development, contingency systems, socio-technical systems and evolutionary. Persistent practical problems should guide production and operations management research such as the difficulties companies face with adoption and sustainability of lean practices. The typology proposed in this study provides a theoretical framework and a respective school for these problematical situations. The evolutionary school in the interpretivist paradigm seems to be more appropriate; action research as a methodology should be used since it is consistent with interpretivism assumptions. The originality of this paper lies within a proposal of lean schools of thought not found in the literature. Directions for research that have more meaning for companies seeking lean transformation are proposed.     

中国当代城市环境美学的审美图景

本文根据浙江省社会科学界联合会的年度课题“中国当代城市建设和美化运动中典型案的美学分析”的部分内容简写而成。论文首先提出了一个关于城市环境的美学分析框架。这个框架由城市环境的审美判断、审美决定和审美影响三个循环过程构成,是进行环境美学分析一种新的方法。利用此分析方法对中国多个城市的七大案例类型的91个案例进行分析（篇幅过长作了省略）并将成果进行了梳理。文中试图从三个层面拼凑出当代中国城市环境美学发展的整体现实图景,这三个层面包括：审美表现和审美趋向、审美决定和审美影响力构图以及审美流行和审美范式。     

城市规划范式的转型:发展规划

城市可持续发展的宏观目标是实现高效率的城市经济、公平公正的城市社会、节能生态的城市环境。为塑造可持续发展的城市,城市规划必须具备推动和监管城市发展的两大功能。兼具两大功能的城市规划范式即为发展规划,具体内容包括统筹城市社会、经济、空间的战略发展,积极塑造与经济和社会相对应的城市空间;强化区划的法定地位,保护产权。此城市规划范式的转型,将能弥补传统城市规划擅于控制而不具备积极发展功能的缺陷。