食品加工企业应如何学习应用GMP,SSOP及HACCP管理体系

该文论述了GMP、SSOP、HACCP的含义及其基本内容。阐述了企业实施GMP、SSOP控制的意义及如何利用其指导加工生产，应用HACCP管理体系时应注意的问题，并以运用其控制出口甜酸荞头的生产为例进行了说明。     

我国食品安全问题的社会学分析

以近几年来我国频发的食品安全事件为鉴,从社会学视角分析了其产生的原因,并提出了相应的预防和解决问题的对策。     

美国FDA《食品现行良好操作规范和危害分析及基于风险的预防控制》法规简介及对我国的启示

美国FDA《食品现行良好操作规范和危害分析及基于风险的预防控制》最终法规于2015年9月17日发布,并于2015年11月16日生效。本文介绍了法规的框架和主要特点,不同类型和规模的企业满足法规要求的日期,供应链计划符合法规的日期,现行良好操作规范失效日期并对法规的主要内容:总则、现行良好操作规范、危害分析及基于风险的预防控、更改的要求、取消受限制企业的豁免、建立并保持记录的要求、供应链计划等7个方面进行简要介绍,便于输美食品生产企业和官方监管人员及早了解法规的主要内容,以满足法规的要求;同时提出了4个方面的启示,便于今后我国在制订食品法规方面进行借鉴。     

原料乳危害及控制措施研究

分析了原料乳的生物性、化学性和物理性危害，针对各种危害的来源提出相应的控制措施．为原料乳HACCP体系的建立提供参考。     

低盐蜂蜜青梅蜜饯中微生物控制及HACCP 体系的建立

目的研究低盐调味青梅蜜饯中微生物的控制及危害分析与关键控制点(hazard analysis critical control point,HACCP)体系的应用。方法研究低盐蜂蜜青梅蜜饯生产过程各环节物料盐分与微生物变化的关系,确定加盐腌制、脱盐、调味腌制工序微生物控制的关键参数;确定原/辅料验收、加盐腌制、脱盐、调味腌制、X光异物检测为5个关键控制点,并制定HACCP计划,建立相应的监控程序和纠偏措施。结果与实施HACCP计划前相比,各工序青梅物料菌落总数明显下降,加盐腌制、脱盐、调味腌制及成品菌落总数的降幅分别为60%、92%、93%和91%,结果表明产品的品质明显得到提高。结论实施HACCP体系可有效控制低盐蜂蜜青梅蜜饯中的微生物,并为同类产品HACCP体系的建立提供参考。     

电动自行车用便携式充电器的质量安全风险研究

近年来,电动自行车在充电过程中发生的火灾事故频发,给人民群众的生命财产安全带来极大危险。通过风险监测研究发现,电动自行车用便携式充电器存在消耗功率大,输出电流大,充电时无人照看,使用环境恶劣等多个风险源。本文通过试验分析,揭示了此类产品的本身质量问题和由于使用不当所造成的安全风险。     

Integration of the effects of airborne chlorides into reliability-based durability design of reinforced concrete structures in a marine environment

In this paper, the hazard curve associated with airborne chlorides in a marine environment and the computational procedure to obtain the probability of occurrence of corrosion cracking in reinforced concrete (RC) structures are presented. A method for integration of the effects of airborne chloride into reliability-based durability design of RC structures in a marine environment is proposed. By using this method, it is possible to determine the probability of corrosion cracking due to airborne chlorides, regardless of region, distance from coastline, and the properties of the concrete controlled by the water to cement ratio.     

Optimal intervention strategies for multiple objects affected by manifest and latent deterioration processes

In the existing infrastructure management systems, optimal interventions strategies (OISs) are determined for objects that deteriorate gradually (manifest deterioration process, MDPs), under the assumption that with appropriate inspection and intervention strategies the probability of failure of object can be neglected. Objects that deteriorate suddenly (latent deterioration process, LDPs), for example, due to scouring during a flood or earth movements during an earthquake are not considered. The determination of OISs for an object that deteriorates due to both MDPs and LDPs requires the consideration of both. The latter, however, means that the probability of failure of the object must be considered. In this article, a Markov model is presented that can be used to determine OISs for multiple objects of multiple types affected by uncorrelated MDPs and LDPs. The model is an extension of the model proposed by Mayet and Madanat (Incorporation of seismic considerations in bridge management systems. Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, 17:185–193, 2002). In the model, a set of condition states (CSs) is used to describe the condition of objects of each type, where each set is composed of non-failure CSs and failure CSs. The probabilities of going from each non-failure CS to each failure CS are estimated using normalised fragility curves, and the probabilities of going from each non-failure CS to each non-failure CS are initially estimated using the Markov deterioration prediction model of Kobayashi, Kaito, and Lethanh (A Bayesian estimation method to improve deterioration prediction for infrastructure system with Markov chain model. International Journal of Architecture, Engineering and Construction, 1:1–13, 2012a) and later adjusted taking into consideration the probabilities of entering the failure CSs. The use of the model is demonstrated using a road link comprising one road section and one bridge.     

TDR技术在雅安峡口滑坡监测中的应用

该文概述了TDR技术的国内外研究现状,简要描述了TDR技术用于监测滑坡的原理,给出了一个TDR技术在雅安峡口滑坡监测中的应用实例,通过对试验数据的分析,讨论了TDR监测滑坡的实际应用效果,总结了TDR技术用于监测滑坡的优、缺点。