不同形貌PCC作为造纸填料的性能研究

通过控制反应条件,制备了针状轻质碳酸钙(PCC)、纺锤状PCC及无定形状PCC,对其物理性能及对纸张的加填效果进行了研究,并与商品PCC进行对比.实验结果表明,与商品PCC相比,针状PCC的粒径均匀、吸油值高、沉降体积大,作为造纸填料时,对提高纸张白度和不透明度都有较大作用.无定形状PCC用于纸张加填时,纸张的物理强度、白度、不透明度均较低;纺锤状PCC的加填效果基本相当于商品PCC;针状PCC、纺锤状PCC、商品PCC加填纸的施胶效果基本一致.     

23株曲霉属菌种的形态学复核鉴定研究

对中国工业微生物菌种保藏管理中心(CICC)保藏的23株19种曲霉属菌种进行了形态学复核鉴定研究。根据《The Genus Aspergillus》、《中国真菌志——曲霉属及其相关有性型》和《Identification of commonAs-pergillusspecies》,采用曲霉属菌种形态观察的标准培养条件,以菌种培养特征和显微形态为依据进行复核鉴定。22株19种菌种的复核结果与原鉴定结果一致,其中5种5株菌种根据分类命名规则的最新进展重新命名;另1株CICC 2106,原定种为溜曲霉(Aspergillus tamarii),复核鉴定结果为黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger),ITS1-5.8S-ITS2序列分析和Biolog微生物快速分析实验支持复核结果。通过形态学复核鉴定,CICC保藏的23株曲霉属菌种原鉴定结果的准确性达到95.6%。     

基于最优形态学滤波的面料缝纫加工检测

为了对服装加工质量进行自动检测,提出了一种对针织面料缝纫加工的疵点进行自动检验的方法。该方法首先基于遗传算法进行结构元素的寻优,然后通过图像的数学形态学滤波处理来消除面料组织的正常纹理对图像分割的干扰;最后利用灰度阈值实现图像分割来得到表现缝线和加工疵点特征的二值图像。实验结果表明,该方法是有效的。     

基于局地气候分区的街区地表形态特征与热湿环境的关联性研究

为研究湿热地区街区尺度地表形态特征对城市热湿环境的影响,?基于局地气候分区的分类方法,?在湿热地区广州市选取了7个典型街区并对其进行地表形态特征的参数化表达;?采用实测与ENVI-met模拟相结合的方法,?分析了不同街区地表形态特征条件下的热湿环境参数时空分布特征.结果表明,?具有高层密集建筑群的街区内呈现出较低的空气...     

基于形态重构的豆粒分割算法

在实现大豆图像豆粒的分离时,针对分水岭算法中容易出现过分割等问题,综合利用H-Dome形态学重构以及距离变换改善梯度图局部多个极小值问题,再使用分水岭算法找到粘结边界点,从而将颗粒分离.实验结果验证了此方法的有效性.     

天然帽用草纤维的形态结构及EDS能谱分析

对蓆草、棕丝草、琅琊草、咸草、蒲草等5种帽用草纤维用扫描电镜观察其表面形态和截面结构,发现帽用纤维表面存在大量的气孔和沟槽,测量出气孔的长度20-73μm,宽度8-33μm。截面有较大的空隙,纤维空隙的大小依次是棕丝草、蒲草、琅琊草、蓆草、咸草。对其表面选取微区进行EDS能谱分析,结果表明5种帽用草纤维都含有C、O、Al,且C、O元素的含量都在96.99%以上,其他如Si、Na、Mg、Cl、P等属于微量元素,属纤维素纤维。     

PET的结构形态对固相缩聚反应的影响及其在固相缩聚过程中的变化

本文对用不同的预结晶方法(热结晶、应力与热结晶)所得到的具有不同结构形态的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)对固相缩聚反应的影响进行了较系统的研究。并利用广角X射线衍射(WAXD)、小角X射线散射(SAXS)、差示扫描量热计(DSC)等手段研究了各种预结晶PET的结构形态在同相缩聚过程中的变化及其熔融行为。     

Short‐Term Morphology Relaxation of Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers after Fast Strain Steps

Strain steps are applied to elastomers in a pneumatic relaxometer and monitored by small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS). The relaxometer provides a rise time of 13 ms for strain pulses of step height Δε = ±1 in strain. The basic character of the 2D SAXS frames is examined and corresponding invariants Q(t) are analyzed. Three thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU) of hardness 85 Shore A with different soft segments are studied both unannealed and annealed. The first response of all materials is a fast morphology conversion which finishes within t_mc =250 ms. Because it has been untraceable, it is characterized by a settling stroke Q(t_mc) ? Q(0). The second response is a slow morphology adjustment process which complies with logarithmic relaxation. It is characterized by a relaxation rate D_Q = Q(10 t)/Q(t) ? 1. Comparison indicates that the nanoscopic morphology relaxation processes appear to have little direct relation to the macroscopic stress relaxation curves. The materials differ with respect to hard‐domain morphology stability and morphology recovery. Most unstable is the morphology of the annealed polyether‐based material. It forms nanofibrillary entities when strained.     

利用扫描电子显微镜研究聚丙烯腈基碳纤维的形态结构

采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了聚丙烯腈(PAN)基原丝及其碳纤维的缺陷和表面沟槽等形态结构,并分析了表面处理后碳纤维与树脂基体的结合状态.结果显示:SEM可以直观地观察到PAN原丝及其碳纤维的表面及内部缺陷,这些缺陷主要遗传自原丝;经表面处理后,碳纤维与树脂基体间结合程度和强度显著提高.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Grewia Optiva Fiber-reinforced PF-based Composites

In this article, the synthesis of natural fiber-reinforced phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin matrix-based polymer composites has been reported. Initially the phenol-formaldehyde resin was prepared by varying the concentration of formaldehyde with a fixed weight of phenol. Polymeric resins of different P:F ratios were subjected for optimization of their mechanical properties. The sample ratio of 1:1.5 (P:F) was found to possess maximum mechanical strength. Then reinforcing of this optimized resin was done by taking different ratios of Grewia optiva fiber in particle form (200 μ) to prepare green polymer composites. The polymer composite materials thus prepared were subjected for evaluation of their mechanical properties such as tensile, compressive, flexural, and wear resistance. It has been observed that optimum mechanical properties were obtained for fiber loading of 30%. Further, the mechanical strength of the composites has been found to be higher than the parent phenol-formaldehyde resin matrix. The morphological and thermal properties of the composites have also been studied.