风沙流中沙粒粒度的垂直和水平分布特征

鉴于现有对风沙流中沙粒粒度分布特征的研究很少,本文通过风洞实验,在粗沙和细沙两种床面上、五种风速条件下,采集中垂线垂向集沙及其后水平方向集沙的沙样,并对沙样进行沙粒粒度分析实验。实验结果发现,沙粒粒度频率曲线形态为单峰偏态分布,并与其对应的床面沙粒组成有关。沙粒粒度的平均粒径在垂直方向和水平方向上,均呈指数递减;气流风速越大,平均粒径越大;当风速增加到一定程度时,气流对沙粒平均粒径变化的影响逐渐减小;沙粒在垂直方向上的平均粒径,均大于其对应的床面沙粒平均粒径。沙粒粒度的标准偏差,随着平均粒径的增大而增加。沙粒粒度的偏度系数和平均粒径的相关关系,与其对应的床面沙粒组成有关。由实验结果讨论得出,在非均匀风沙流的沙粒起动中,细颗粒沙粒的平均起跳速度大于粗沙粒,而粗颗粒泥沙的起跳率大于细沙粒。     

Optimum Infinite-Length MMSE Multi-User Decision-Feedback Space-Time Processing in Broadband Cellular Radio

We present an investigation of space-time receiver architectures in multi-user wireless systems where optimal idealized (infinite-length) space-time filtering is applied to minimize the mean-square error (MSE). Feedforward, decision-feedback and cross-decision feedbackfilters are employed; hence, the system eliminates the post-cursor ISI (intersymbol interference) and CCI (co-channelinterference). While this is a form of MIMO-DFE (Multi-Input Multi-OutputDecision-Feedback Equalization), no joint transmitter-receiver optimizationis performed since the transmit sources are assumed to be individual users.Our analysis leads to an entirely novel closed-form expression for the minimum achievableMSE for any single user in both fully- and partially-connected cross-decision feedback systems (XDF). This differs from previous results onMIMO-DFE obtained in a CDMA context which rely on the Gaussian assumption.Numerical results compare the performance of XDF systems with standard space-time DF and linear processing as well as the MIMO matched-filter bound in both a generic Rayleigh-fading system context and a broadband wireless context with fixed, highly directional subscriber antennas and correlatedfading based on a 3D channel model parameterized according to measurements at29.5 GHz. Results indicate that generally, an N-element array with fully-connected XDFprocessingprovides the same performance as an N+1-element array with standard linearspace-time processing.     

Modification of Karhunen-Loeve transform for pattern recognition

Application of the Karhunen-Loeve transform in pattern recognition problems necessitates knowledge of the mean vectors for the training sets of different classes for construction of the respective covariance matrices. This modality poses problems for recognizing an unknown signal in a multi-class environment and for its on-line implementation. This is becausea priori it is unknown which mean vector of the several classes is to be subtracted from an unknown input signal. To remove this difficulty a global mean approach has been proposed. The proposed method has been applied to synthetic and experimentally observed acoustic signals successfully and its performance with respect to pattern recognition and data compression has been compared with the conventional method.     

气体平均自由程纳米尺度效应的蒙特卡罗模拟

纳米尺度下的气体流动具有不同于常规尺度的规律,其中重要的特征是纳米间隙中气体分子自由输运行程将减小,进而影响气体的输运规律。利用直接模拟蒙特卡罗方法,考察了依赖于努森数Kn的气体分子壁面碰撞率,计算了分子平均自由程并给出了结果对比,最后验证了依赖于Kn数的纳米尺度效应函数。结果表明:过渡区分子与壁面碰撞率之间满足一定的关系,以此为基础得到的纳米尺度效应函数反映了纳米间隙对平均自由程的影响。     

Multi-Rate Access Schemes for MC-CDMA

In order to accommodate different types of traffic in future wirelesscommunications, it is necessary to consider a system, which can operatesatisfactorily at multiple transmission rates. Due to its capability to copewith the hostile frequency selective fading, that limits transmission rate,and its suitability to handle multi-rate data, multi-carrier CDMA (MC-CDMA)has recently drawn considerable attention as a suitable candidate forsupporting multimedia services in wireless communications. Multi-rate accessschemes where users are able to transmit at different data rates on MC-CDMAsystems are presented in this paper. Four multi-rate access schemes: uncodedfixed spreading length (UFSL), coded fixed spreading length (CFSL), multi-codefixed spreading length (MFSL) and variable spreading length (VSL) schemes areproposed. With these schemes, different traffic such as voice, video and highrate data can be transmitted seamlessly through one MC-CDMA infrastructure.A chip-level minimum mean square error combining (MMSEC) technique is employedfor joint energy combining and interference cancellation purpose. Theperformance of these schemes with MMSEC is compared by both theoreticalderivations and simulation results under frequency selective Rayleigh fadingchannels.     

有限无法与优化技术相结合的方法及应用

讨论了工程分析中两大基本工具--有限元法与优化技术相结合用于空间光学仪器设计中的问题,并结合具体实例,论述了优化目标、状态变量等优化参数的选择及其显函数方程的建立,为工程设计提供了科学的依据。     

Analysis of flexible manufacturing systems with distinct repeated visits: DrQ

This article examines the performance effects caused by repeated part visits at the workstations of a flexible manufacturing system (FMS). Such repeated part visits to the same workstations are commonly associated with fixture changes for machining complex parts, reclamping, and remounting or reorienting them. Since each of the repeated visits to a workstation may require different processing requirements, the resulting queueing network does not have a product form solution. We therefore develop an approximate mean value analysis model for performance evaluation of an FMS that may produce multiple part types with distinct repeated visits.We provide numerical examples and validate the accuracy of our solution algorithm against simulation. These examples show that the proposed model produces accurate throughput and utilization predictions with minimal computational efforts. These examples reveal that increasing the total pallet population may result in a reduction of the aggregate throughput, and that the FMS's performance could be more sensitive to the mix of pallets and part routes than to the total number of pallets. Our model will be of use, in particular, when managers wish to control individual operations (e.g., to adjust individual operation times to achieve economic savings in tool wear and breakage costs) or to investigate the performance implications of route changes due to alternate assignments of particular manufacturing tasks to certain workstations.     

一种矢量量化编码的加速算法

本文提出了一种基于最小均方误差测度的快速矢量量化编码算法。在进行均方测度计算之前，通过一组距离测度的不等式判据和预排序的码书，排了作大部分候选码字。     

The Generalized Delay-Locked Loop

The delay-locked loop (DLL) is a synchronization device that is widely used for PN-code tracking in spread spectrum systems. The error detector characteristic (S-curve) of the DLL has a major impact on the performance. Using more than two correlators will extend the tracking range of the S-curve. The Generalized DLL (GenDLL) theory provides a concept to analyze a large class of DLL configurations including the classical DLL. The focus of the performance criteria is on tracking jitter and the mean time to lose lock (MTLL). It is shown that the MTLL can be considerably improved by using extended S-curves. However, the tracking jitter is increased by additional correlators. The tradeoff between the two criteria is explained. With the GenDLL theory loop configurations can be designed having both low tracking jitter and high loop robustness against loss of lock.