电缆隧道切片点云的自动提取及几何参数分析

针对基准面与隧道内壁点云法向量及地面的关系,提出了自动提取隧道内壁切片点云数据算法。该算法利用三维激光扫描的隧道内壁点云数据进行法向量的解算,根据正交整体最小二乘进行隧道地面的拟合,利用基准面与地平面垂直及基准面与内壁点云法向量平行的关系进行最佳基准面的搜索,通过搜索到的基准面进行切片点云的提取。通过该算法可以在无标靶情况下自动获取切片点云。通过切片可以计算隧道内部的重心、重心距及重心到顶面的距离等几何参数,利用计算的几何参数可以随时监视隧道内壁的变化状况。对不同时期的隧道切片进行对比分析便可实现不同地段隧道的变形情况。     

黏土中压密注浆及劈裂注浆室内模拟试验分析

开发了一种实验室模拟土体注浆的试验装置,能形成完整的试样。通过注浆模拟试验,实现了黏土注浆过程中压密浆泡及劈裂裂隙的自然产生与发展。试验结果表明:在黏土注浆中压滤效应贯穿于整个注浆过程,即在高压的作用下,浆液中自由水被强制滤过黏土,并从泻流口流出,使浆泡及浆脉中的浆液浓度提高。压滤效应随土体渗透性、浆液水灰比及注浆压力的增大而增强,因此在透水性较好的土层中注浆时,必须考虑压滤效应对浆液扩散的影响。浆液水灰比的增大将导致浆泡直径减小,浆脉数量及长度增加,浆脉宽度减小。在给定注浆压力下,随着浆液水灰比的增大,浆液的扩散方式逐渐由以压密为主向以劈裂为主过渡。黏土中劈裂注浆可分为三个阶段:鼓泡压密阶段、第一劈裂面阶段、后续劈裂面阶段,每个劈裂面都产生在阻力最小的面上。通过对原状萧山黏土、清水压密固结黏土及注浆后黏土进行电镜扫描观测分析得知:在压滤效应的作用下,水泥水化反应生成的Ca2+离子会随着滤出液扩散到土体中,导致黏土表面的双电层厚度变薄,使联结更为紧密,从而形成较坚固的团粒结构,使土体强度提高。试验结果对注浆理论研究与工程应用有一定的指导意义。     

地面三维激光扫描仪的检校与精度评估

三维激光扫描技术是一种先进的全自动高精度立体扫描技术。其中,激光扫描测量仪器的精度对工程应用的影响以及对三维点云模型的建立和精度影响至关重要。本文分析了激光扫描仪的主要误差来源,同时介绍了三维激光扫描仪的检校原理和方法,并以Leica公司的HDS3000为例,从测距、测角、大气影响等方面,对激光扫描仪的精度进行测试和评定。     

Systematic investigation of acicular ferrite formation on laboratory scale

By increasing the amount of acicular ferrite (AF) in the microstructure, steel toughness can be improved significantly. The steel composition, cooling rate, non-metallic inclusions and austenite grain size have a strong influence on the formation of AF. The present paper describes and compares two approaches to study AF formation in a titanium-deoxidised high-strength low-alloyed steel and its influencing factors on laboratory scale: route A simulates the formation of AF after heat treatment; route B simulates the formation directly after solidification of the melt. The formation of AF is essentially influenced by the former processing, which also changes the optimum cooling parameters substantially. (Ti,Mn)_xO_y and (Ti,Al,Mn)_xO_yS_z are the predominant active inclusion types in the investigated steel.     

Evaluation of electrochemical properties of antibacterial ZnO layers deposited to 316LVM steel using atomic layer deposition

The presence of a biofilm can lead to the disappearance of the surrounding bone tissue and, as a result, disturb the osseointegration process. Unfortunately, both in the case of instability of the implant and long-term bacterial infections, there is often a need for reoperation as well as replacement of the implant, which in turn is associated with huge costs, but most of all discomfort for the patient associated with long-term hospitalization. In order to limit this unfavorable process, the physicochemical properties of the surface layer of implants are indicated. Therefore, the paper proposes applying a layer with antibacterial effect on the surface of 316LVM steel used in bone surgery. As part of the work, the ZnO layer was applied using the atomic layer deposition method with different parameters of the application process (different number of cycles at constant temperature). In the first stage, pitting corrosion resistance tests were carried out using the potentiodynamic method and studies using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The surface morphology tests using a scanning electron microscope were also complemented. Obtained results may form the basis for the development of more detailed criteria for the assessment of the final quality of medical devices used in the skeletal system.     

Ferroelectric Exchange Bias Affects Interfacial Electronic States

In polar oxide interfaces phenomena such as superconductivity, magnetism, 1D conductivity, and quantum Hall states can emerge at the polar discontinuity. Combining controllable ferroelectricity at such interfaces can affect the superconducting properties and sheds light on the mutual effects between the polar oxide and the ferroelectric oxide. Here, the interface between the polar oxide LaAlO₃ and the ferroelectric Ca-doped SrTiO₃ is studied by means of electrical transport combined with local imaging of the current flow with the use of scanning a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). Anomalous behavior of the interface resistivity is observed at low temperatures. The scanning SQUID maps of the current flow suggest that this behavior originates from an intrinsic bias induced by the polar LaAlO₃ layer. Such intrinsic bias combined with ferroelectricity can constrain the possible structural domain tiling near the interface. The use of this intrinsic bias is recommended as a method of controlling and tuning the initial state of ferroelectric materials by the design of the polar structure. The hysteretic dependence of the normal and the superconducting state properties on gate voltage can be utilized in multifaceted controllable memory devices.     

岩体结构面力学模型制作新方法试验研究

目前岩体结构面力学模型室内试验研究在相似材料配置、力学模型研制和强度效应分析等方面存在着诸多不足,不能很好的满足定量研究的需要。为了解决这一不足,开展了结构面模拟材料及力学模型制作方法研究,得到一种新型结构面模拟材料,并率先尝试采用3D打印、三维激光扫描和逆向工程技术制作模型结构面。实践证明,研究成果能较好满足结构面室内试验研究的需要,可推广运用。     

Direct discrimination between semiconducting and metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes with high spatial resolution by SEM

Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films with a high density exhibit broad functionality and great potential in nanodevices,as SWCNTs can be either metallic or semiconducting in behavior.The films greatly benefit from characterization technologies that can efficiently identify and group SWCNTs based on metallic or semiconducting natures with high spatial resolution.Here,we developed a facile imaging technique using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to discriminate between semiconducting and metallic SWCNTs based on black and white colors.The average width of the single-SWCNT image was reduced to ～9 nm,～1/5 of previous imaging results.These achievements were attributed to reduced surface charging on the SiO2/Si substrate under enhanced accelerating voltages.With this identification technique,a CNT transistor with an on/off ratio of ＞105 was fabricated by identifying and etching out the white metallic SWCNTs.This improved SEM imaging technique can be widely applied in evaluating the selective growth and sorting of SWCNTs.