旋转扫描结构光的三维检测系统及其标定

针对传统平移扫描检测系统的缺陷,提出了一种基于旋转扫描线结构光的三维检测与重构系统及对应的系统参数标定方法,建立了点云数据获取模型。被测物体通过旋转实现与线结构光间的相对运动,得到被测物体的外表面二维图像。系统标定获得图像坐标与世界坐标间的转换关系,得到被测物体的三维坐标信息及数字模型。由实验可知,相机的标定精度为0.2 mm,原理样机进行物体测量的精度为0.1 mm。实验证明该系统检测精度高,具有可行性。     

齿轮激光热处理工艺试验与结果分析

提出了采用轴向分齿扫描法进行齿轮激光热处理的工艺，并对试验结果进行了理论分析，采用该工艺，可得到均匀的齿面硬度和较为理想的齿面硬化层分布状态，热处理变形小，可保证6－8级精度齿轮的原有精度等级，齿面可获得较大的残余压应力，有利于提高齿轮疲劳寿命。     

A scanning tunneling microscopy tip with a stable atomic structure

A single stable adatom on a {110}-type plane of a tungsten tip is created via field-evaporation in a field-ion microscope (FIM) operating at room temperature. This single adatom has sufficient surface mobility at room temperature and migrates, in one-dimension, along a <111>-type direction toward an edge of a {110}-type plane, due to the existence of an electric field gradient. The plane edge has a higher local electric field than its center, since it has a higher local geometric curvature. This result implies that the stable position of a single adatom during a scan of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) tip on a surface is at the edge and not at the center of a {110}-type plane at room temperature. Therefore, the electron wave function of a tip is not symmetric and this fact should be taken into account in a careful analysis of STM images. Also a tip with a dislocation emerging at a {110}-type plane is suggested as an improved STM tip configuration, as the step at the surface, created by the intersection of the dislocation with it, is a perpetual source of single adatoms.     

Morphological and microchemical phenomena in the high-temperature oxidation of binary Al-Li alloys

The high-temperature oxidation behavior of binary Al-Li alloys has been characterized by scanning electron microscopy and secondary ion mass spectrometry in order to understand the mechanism of rapid oxidation in these alloys and to correlate the oxide morphology to its microchemistry. The oxide scale developed on polished specimens during short exposures in air at 530°C shows characteristic nodules that usually nucleate at grain boundaries. Examination of the alloy surface after removal of the oxide layer shows that the initial growth of the oxide nodules occurs laterally in addition to thickening normal to the oxide/alloy interface. Microchemical analysis of the oxide film with a scanning ion microprobe reveals a thick Li-oxide layer at the oxide/gas interface indicating preferential oxidation of Li at the free surface; the rest of the oxide film is composed of both Al- and Li-rich oxides, probably Li₂O and LiAlO₂ The presence of trace impurities (K, Na, F, and Cl) in the oxide scale was also detected. A microstructural model for the development of the oxide film in the Al-Li system is presented on the basis of both morphological and microanalytical data obtained in this study; this new model is compared with existing models.     

Phase Transformations in Low-Fe Alloys of the Al-Cu-Fe System

Microstructure and phase transformation in the Al-Cu-Fe alloys of the approximate compositional range of 20-50 at.% Cu and 2 - 10 Fe at.% have been investigated from samples quenched from their respective temperatures by means of different thermal analysis, magnetothermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, electron probe analysis and powder X-ray diffraction. Representative phase transformations categorized as polymorphic, discontinuous precipitation,quasi-binary eutectoid, and ternary transitional U-type phase transformation are presented. These phase transformations were found to have a common feature which consumes the β phase and appears the φ phase. A schematic diagram was proposed to demonstrate the transition processes with decreasing temperature.     

表面活性剂对碳钢的缓蚀作用及与缓蚀剂的协同效应

采用动电势扫描法测定了碳钢在饱和（NH4）2CO3溶液中的阳极极化曲线，研究了几种表面活性剂与缓蚀剂复配后的协同缓蚀作用。结果表明：几种表面活性剂均具有较好的缓蚀性能，体系中添加0．1％的量，缓蚀效率都接近90％：当0．05％壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚（TX－10）与0．05％四丁基碘化铵复配时，协同缓蚀效率可达93．3％；应用动电势扫描法能够快速、简便地测定腐蚀速率和评选缓蚀剂。     

超声显微镜技术在铜/铝摩擦焊质量控制中的应用

铜/铝摩擦焊广泛用于电力行业接线端子的制作，其焊接质量直接影响着电力系统的安全运行。通过理论分析及试验方法探讨了超声波显微镜技术在铜/铝摩擦焊质量控制中的应用可行性，同时进行超声显微镜检测试验，发现将超声显微镜技术应用在铜/铝摩擦焊检测中，检测灵敏度高、分辨率好、检测结果直观。     

台式快速成型设备扫描系统研制

介绍了在台式快速成型制造系统研制中，为稳定系统性能、降低设备造价所采取的技术措施：通过对扫描方式的比较，选择了X－Y二维导轨式扫描方式；用普通紫外灯光源取代激光光源；基于锥度光纤传输、聚焦的光路系统等技术。     

真空电弧涂镀TiN膜中宏观颗粒的电镜分析

用扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）分析了真空电弧沉积ＴｉＮ膜中宏观颗粒（ＭＰ）的形态，并对观察结果给出了理论解释。电镜分析表明，ＴｉＮ膜中ＭＰ的形态与其粒径有关，粒径大的呈椭球形，粒径小的呈圆球形；ＭＰ与膜层之间有微小孔隙。理论分析表明，形成ＭＰ的液滴在飞行中温度降低的幅度是决定其形态的主要因素。     

Gas chromatographic thermodynamics on hydration processes of magnesium chloride with low water

1　INTRODUCTIONMagnesiumchlorideisabasicmaterialforchem icalindustry ,andithaswideapplicationsinmetallur gy,architecturalmaterialandtextileindustry .Itisalsoamaterialforfire resistantproducts ,cryogenandcompoundfertilizerproductions[1] .Thefullydehy dratedmagnesiumchlorideisagoodmaterialforelec trolyticmetalmagnesium production .Becausemag nesiumchloridehasastrongadsorptiveability ,itisalsousedasadryingagent .Manysuccessfulworkshavebeendoneonthedehydrationofbischophite[2 10 ] .Butinfact,…