辰山植物园主入口建筑西侧高填土不利影响的控制处理措施

主入口综合建筑是上海辰山植物园中重要的大型单体建筑之一,该建筑西侧与绿环高填土相接。绿环高填土标高达到16.500 m,为工程中最高填筑点。主入口建筑西侧高填土初始方案由于工期原因难以贯彻,经过方案调整,最终方案采用高桩承台形式。通过考虑并分析路堤桩区域高填土对主体建筑桩基的不利影响,经不断调整,最后得到合理的施工工序...     

区域运输通道网络设计研究

运用离散优化方法,研究区域内各组团间运输通道网络优化设计问题,设定运输通道供给能力以及通道在区域之间的运输时间约束,构造综合运输通道投资建设总费用的优化模型,考虑各种运输通道的单位投资建设费用和建设长度的最优问题;利用综合运输通道的特点和区域组团网络结构进行算法设计,并给出最优解的多方案求解步骤;针对大规模节点采用遗传算法进行求解可以提高求解效率;通过一个算例,对模型和算法的可行性和有效性进行验证,说明该算法可得到综合运输通道的最优投资方案,使综合运输通道满足规划年的客货运需求,以及各种运输方式的平均出行时间满足要求,分析说明客货运输需求与运输通道建设的关系,结果表明提出的模型与算法对交通投资项目提供较好的辅助决策支持。     

Review of Cognitive therapy for depressed adolescents.

Reviews the book, Cognitive therapy for depressed adolescents by T.C. R. Wilkes, Gayle Belsher, A. John Rush, and Ellen Frank (see record 1994-98433-000). This book offers chapters on adaption of cognitive therapy for depressed adolescents, ten key principles of adolescent cognitive therapy, diagnosis and assessment, developmental considerations, the therapeutic relationship, family involvement, the initial phase, the middle phase, the final phase, three comorbidity chapters (substance abuse, sexual victimization, suicidal adolescents), hospitalized adolescents, psychopharmacological treatment, and treatment failures. The sequence of chapters makes perfect sense, and despite four senior authors and five co-authors, it is as if one master hand prevails. The writing never wavers—crisp, flowing, and superbly readable. Whenever possible, adolescent and adult therapy of depression are contrasted, and at times, techniques effective or ineffective for early and late adolescents are cited. One might say the current work is a downward extension of the 1979 Beck book, with developmental considerations and family therapy included. This manual motivates me to reread Beck, Burns, Piaget, Bowlby, and the Socratic method series of papers in this Journal (Overholser). Manuals such as this should result in improved supervision. Finally, Drs. Wilkes, Belsher, Rush, Frank, and their associates (Drs. David A. Brent, Graham J. Emslie, Miriam S. Lerner, Anthony Nowels, Warren A. Weinberg) provide this reviewer with one more humility and awe inducing experience. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Cognitive processes in story understanding.

The major goal of the author's research has been to discover how readers overcome the limited capacity of working memory to discover the rich pattern of causal relationships found in even the simplest stories. The specific purpose of the series of experiments presented in this article is to discover what happens when the goals and actions are widely separated in the text, and when the actions are not associated with a coherence break. The results suggest that some readers retrieve the goal from long-term memory while others do not. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A 'landscape' model of reading comprehension: Inferential processes and the construction of a stable memory representation.

The theoretical model of reading proposed in this paper captures the processes that take place during reading and specifies how these processes result in a stable memory representation of the text. The model is based on the premise that, during reading, the ideas and concepts associated with the text fluctuate in their activation. The result is a dynamically shifting landscape of activations. Two factors contribute to the shape of this landscape: readers' limited attentional resources and their attempts to maintain standards for coherence. As a result, at any point during reading the following concepts are most likely to be activated: information described in or associated to the current sentence, information retained from the prior reading cycle, and information that is reinstated from prior text or drawn from background knowledge in order to maintain coherence. Readers' standards for coherence vary between as well as within individuals (e.g., as a function of reading goal), but here the focus is on two types of coherence that seem to be employed by the modal reader: anaphoric/referential and causal coherence. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Eye movements in reading: Perceptual and cognitive processes.

This article discusses the variability of eye movement behavior. The variability exists between readers, so that the average fixation duration for sonic readers my be around 200 ms and for other readers it may be closer to 300 ms; the average saccade length for some readers may be 6 letter spaces, while for others it may be closer lo 10 letter spaces; and some readers rarely regress while others regress quite frequently. These eye movement characteristics can also be influenced by text difficulty; more difficult text leads to longer fixation durations, shorter saccades, and more regressions. More important than the between reader variability is the within reader variability that exists with each of these measures. The article also discusses research on eye movement during reading. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Helen Peak (1900–1985).

Presents an obituary for Helen Peak. Peak was a brilliant scholar, an innovative researcher, and one of the few generalists left in an age of specialization. She helped to build social psychology as a research discipline by bringing the methodologies of the laboratory and of measurement to the study of personality and interpersonal relations. Her scientific contributions began in the 1930s with experiments that were solid contributions to the foundation of behavioral psychology. Her interest in methodology led to her classic chapter, "Problems of Objective Observation" (1953), an account of methods of data collection and analysis. It showed the fundamental assumptions and limitations of scaling procedures and interitem correlations, and considered problems of functional unity. It became a standard source for research workers both in the US and abroad. The major research that occupied Helen Peak in the postwar years was concerned with attitudinal structure and change. Her experiments showed how attitudes could be successfully changed. From this work she developed a general activation theory of both motivational processes and the properties of structure. Peak, in the spirit of Kurt Lewin, helped reunite social psychology with individual psychology in her research and theories on attitudes and motivation—central problems of both disciplines. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Developing and testing a model of loneliness.

This article presents a model of loneliness that incorporates characteristics of the social network, background variables, personality characteristics, and evaluative aspects. The most salient aspect of this approach is its emphasis on cognitive processes that mediate between characteristics of the social network and the experience of loneliness. A total of 554 adult men and women served as respondents. The program LISREL, a causal modelling approach, was used to analyze the data. The LISREL program includes a goodness-of-fit test that indicates the degree of fit between a particular model and the data. The hypothesized model made a valuable contribution to the understanding of loneliness: It accounted for 52.3% of the variance in the data set. One of the model's major advantages is its ability to disentangle both the direct and the indirect causal influences of the various factors on loneliness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Review of Forms of feeling: The heart of psychotherapy.

Reviews the book, Forms of feeling: The heart of psychotherapy by Robert F. Hobson. Robert Hobson calls this book his autobiography as a therapist. As such it provides interesting glimpses into some of his more meaningful sessions with clients, illuminating his approach to therapy and enabling the reader to see a master therapist at work. Hobson also presents a new method of therapy, which he calls the conversational model. On this level, his book is considerably less satisfying. Hobson succinctly outlines the general principles of the conversational model and basic skills required of the therapist, but in so doing offers essentially little new information, however valid the points may be. According to Hobson, the conversational model is designed for clients whose problems arise from disturbances in their significant relationships, and those problems are best solved not by talking about them but by being in a relationship such as therapy that provides "a special kind of friendship." Hobson puts great stress on the use of metaphorical language in therapy and learning how to use the language of art as well as of science. He relies heavily on literary quotations, prefacing each section with one or two, and liberally interspersing many more within the pages of text. The net result is not so much illuminating as it is wearisome, and the general tone is slightly pretentious and, when Hobson addresses his "dear Reader" directly, somewhat condescending. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于多元经验模态分解的多元多尺度熵静态平衡能力评估

提出了一种基于多元经验模态分解（Multivariate Empirical Mode Decomposition,MEMD）的多元多尺度熵（Multivarite Multiscale Entropy,MMSE）特征提取方法分析多模态信号,进行人体静态平衡能力评估.首先,采集人体多模态信号,采用多元经验模态分解对多通道信号进行自适应分解,得到一系列多元固有模态函数（Intrinsic Mode Functions,IMFs）,依据T检验和相关系数从中选取最佳的IMF分量进行信号重构;然后,采用多元多尺度熵算法提取特征,用K-均值与支持向量机对比本文特征提取方法与两种传统特征提取方法在处理人体静态平衡能力评估问题时分类效果,并分析两种分类器的人体静态平衡能力评估效果;最后,得出本文最优的特征为基于多元经验模态分解的多元多尺度熵特征,最优的分类方法为支持向量机.