All updateable objects in working memory are updated whenever any of them are modified: Evidence from the memory updating paradigm.

In a series of experiments, participants were required to keep track of 1 or 2 working memory (WM) objects, having to update their values in 80% of the trials. Updating cost, defined as the difference between update and non-update trials, was larger when 2 objects were involved compared with when there was only 1 object was involved. This finding was interpreted as evidence that the updating process encompasses both objects in WM, even though only 1 of them is actually updated. This feature of WM updating is limited to objects defined as "updateable," throughout the trial sequence. The results are explained by the need to reprogram the phonological loop when updating or the need for desynchronization followed by resynchronization of WM contents. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

What is being masked in object substitution masking?

Object substitution masking (OSM) is said to occur when a perceptual object is hypothesized that is mismatched by subsequent sensory evidence, leading to a new hypothesized object being substituted for the first. For example, when a brief target is accompanied by a longer lasting display of nonoverlapping mask elements, reporting of target features may be impaired. J. T. Enns and V. Di Lollo (2000) considered it an outstanding question whether OSM masks some or all aspects of a target. The authors report three experiments demonstrating that OSM can selectively affect target features. Participants may be able to detect a target while being unable to report other aspects of it or to report the color but not the orientation of a target (or vice versa). We discuss these findings in relation to two other visual phenomena. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

带有块间串扰MC-CDMA的时域信道估计和多用户检测

本文把带有IBI的MC-CDMA系统等效解释为特殊的直接序列码分多址（DS-CDMA）系统，并给出了相应的时域信道估计方法和时域线性最小均方误差（MMSE）多用户检测方法。仿真实验表明了本文方法的性能。     

A Working Memory Workout: How to Expand the Focus of Serial Attention From One to Four Items in 10 Hours or Less.

Five individuals participated in an extensive practice study (10 1-hr sessions, 11,000 trials total) on a self-paced identity-judgment n-back task (n ranging from 1 to 5). Within Session 1, response time increased abruptly by about 300 ms in passing from n = 1 to n > 1, suggesting that the focus of attention can accommodate only a single item (H. Caravan, 1998; B. McElree, 2001). Within Session 10, response time was dramatically reduced and increased linearly with n for n ≤ 4, with a slope of about 30 ms. The data suggest that working memory consists of a focus of attention governed by a limited-capacity search, expandable through practice, and a content-addressable region outside the focus of attention. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

震源延迟叠加技术及应用效果

延迟叠加爆炸是针对高分辨率和深层地震勘探而提出来的一种激发方式。这种激发方式能在保证地震分辨率的前提下有效提高地震波能量 ,在地震波的入射角范围内 ,有效克服非球形炸药激发引起的地震波传播的方向性。应用弹性波动力学对多级延迟爆炸进行理论研究 ,结合实际试验资料 ,研究了延迟爆炸情况下激发参数对地震波能量、主频、频宽等的影响。从几何地震学出发 ,分析了不同时间激发的地震波在地下空间中的干涉情况 ,对其能量传播的方向性进行了研究。理论分析和试验效果表明 ,延迟叠加震源与相同药量的普通震源相比 ,激发地震波的主频高 ,频带宽 ,增强了下传能量 ,降低了次生干扰 ,在高分辨率和深层地震勘探中具有明显的优势。     

Understanding source effects in ADHD rating scales: Reply to DuPaul (2003).

G. J. DuPaul (see record 2003-02033-012) offered two suggestions for additional research to understand the strong source effects reported by R. Gomez, G. L Burns, J. A. Walsh, and M. A. de Moura (see record 2003-02033-001) in attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) rating scales. The first suggestion was to determine whether the source effects represent mostly bias or accuracy. The second suggestion was to minimize source effects through the development of better ADHD rating scales. Because source effects can represent bias or accuracy, it is important to minimize the bias aspect through content validation procedures prior to attempts to determine whether source effects better reflect bias or accuracy. This comment offers various suggestions to reduce the bias in ADHD rating scales. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Suboptimal Exposure to Facial Expressions When Viewing Video Messages From a Small Screen: Effects on Emotion, Attention, and Memory.

The authors examined the effects of suboptimally presented facial expressions on emotional and attentional responses and memory among 39 young adults viewing video (business news) messages from a small screen. Facial electromyography (EMG) and respiratory sinus arrhythmia were used as physiological measures of emotion and attention, respectively. Several congruency priming effects were found. In particular, happy facial primes prompted increased (a) pleasure ratings, (b) orbicularis oculi EMG activity, (c) perceived trustworthiness, and (d) recognition memory for video messages with a positive emotional tone. Emotional and other responses to video messages presented on a small screen can be modified with suboptimal affective primes, but even small differences in the emotional tone of the messages should be allowed for. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

T梁预制中需要注意的问题

为确保在T梁预制时 ,其内、外的质量和安全施工 ,介绍了四个需特别注意的问题。指出在T梁预制时 ,应把质量放在首位 ,进行具体、综合的分析和计算     

Multiplicative Operator Splittings in Nonlinear Diffusion: From Spatial Splitting to Multiple Timesteps

Operator splitting is a powerful concept used in many diversed fields of applied mathematics for the design of effective numerical schemes. Following the success of the additive operator splitting (AOS) in performing an efficient nonlinear diffusion filtering on digital images, we analyze the possibility of using multiplicative operator splittings to process images from different perspectives.We start by examining the potential of using fractional step methods to design a multiplicative operator splitting as an alternative to AOS schemes. By means of a Strang splitting, we attempt to use numerical schemes that are known to be more accurate in linear diffusion processes and apply them on images. Initially we implement the Crank-Nicolson and DuFort-Frankel schemes to diffuse noisy signals in one dimension and devise a simple extrapolation that enables the Crank-Nicolson to be used with high accuracy on these signals. We then combine the Crank-Nicolson in 1D with various multiplicative operator splittings to process images. Based on these ideas we obtain some interesting results. However, from the practical standpoint, due to the computational expenses associated with these schemes and the questionable benefits in applying them to perform nonlinear diffusion filtering when using long timesteps, we conclude that AOS schemes are simple and efficient compared to these alternatives.We then examine the potential utility of using multiple timestep methods combined with AOS schemes, as means to expedite the diffusion process. These methods were developed for molecular dynamics applications and are used efficiently in biomolecular simulations. The idea is to split the forces exerted on atoms into different classes according to their behavior in time, and assign longer timesteps to nonlocal, slowly-varying forces such as the Coulomb and van der Waals interactions, whereas the local forces like bond and angle are treated with smaller timesteps. Multiple timestep integrators can be derived from the Trotter factorization, a decomposition that bears a strong resemblance to a Strang splitting. Both formulations decompose the time propagator into trilateral products to construct multiplicative operator splittings which are second order in time, with the possibility of extending the factorization to higher order expansions. While a Strang splitting is a decomposition across spatial dimensions, where each dimension is subsequently treated with a fractional step, the multiple timestep method is a decomposition across scales. Thus, multiple timestep methods are a realization of the multiplicative operator splitting idea. For certain nonlinear diffusion coefficients with favorable properties, we show that a simple multiple timestep method can improve the diffusion process.     

基于LabWindows/CVI的多线程测控软件设计技术

多线程技术是W in32操作系统的一项重要软件技术。CVI 6.0及其以后版本提供了线程池和异步定时器两种多线程运行机制,为测控软件的设计开发带来了一次技术飞跃。文中结合测控软件设计实例,详细介绍了在CVI平台下多线程编程技术的应用方法。