城市雨洪放大效应驱动因子时空演变规律分析

城市雨洪具有复杂的放大效应,引起该现象较直接的原因包括大暴雨的频繁出现、可渗透地表面积的骤减以及排蓄水能力的改变和排水管网的扩张等。以武汉市为例,选择降雨强度、不透水面积比例、排水管道密度作为洪水放大效应的驱动因子进行趋势分析和演变规律分析,计算表明:从20世纪80年代开始,暴雨雨量和历时明显增加;不透水面在20世纪90年代初增加较快;排水管道在1990~2006年间缓慢增长,2007年跳跃式增长。降雨量和历时的增加使城市洪量增大,排水压力随之上升,在一定程度上增加了内涝几率;不透水面积的逐年增多以及水体等天然蓄水区的减少,不但增加了产流量,也使汇流时间更短,且雨水管渠的建设缩短了天然汇流路径,导致城市洪水呈现峰高量大,洪峰提前的放大效应。研究成果可用于城市雨洪放大效应对其驱动因子的定量响应研究,为进一步量化城市内涝风险与驱动因子间的关系提供依据,从而为内涝风险调控措施提供技术支撑。     

Isolation of Whole-plant Multiple Oscillations via Non-negative Spectral Decompositio

Constrained spectral non-negative matrix factorization（NMF）analysis of perturbed oscillatory process control loop variable data is performed for the isolation of multiple plant-wide oscillatory sources.The technique is described and demonstrated by analyzing data from both simulated and real plant data of a chemical process plant. Results show that the proposed approach can map multiple oscillatory sources onto the most appropriate control loops,and has superior performance in terms of reconstruction accuracy and intuitive understanding compared with spectral independent component analysis（ICA）.     

多次顶空固相微萃取方法的原理及应用

详细讨论了多次顶空固相微萃取(MHS-SPME)技术的原理和影响因素,并与常用的固相微萃取(SPME)定量校正方法相比较,分析了该方法的优势和缺点。综述了多次顶空固相微萃取在食品、农业领域的应用情况,并对该方法存在的问题和发展前景进行了论述。     

深部互层咸水层二氧化碳分布特征探究

通过构造砂页岩互层结构,并根据渗透率对砂岩层岩性进行分类,建立了多岩相非均质模型,利用多组分多相流数值模拟软件TOUGH2/ECO2N探究二氧化碳注入深部互层咸水层后的分布特征,结果显示二氧化碳聚集在低渗透性的页岩层底部,呈分层结构,砂岩层中优先在渗透率较高的岩相中运移并呈分散分布;超临界二氧化碳不断溶于地层水,含饱和二氧化碳的咸水密度增加并缓慢下沉,无明显分层现象。     

水源热泵影响下地下水温度主控因素关联度分析

为研究地下水源热泵长期影响下,地下水温度主控因素的变化特征,选择安阳市第五人民医院为研究区,将地下水温度作为典型的灰色系统进行研究,采用灰色关联度的计算方法进行地下水温度、地下水位埋深、气温、降水量以及回水井水温之间的关联度分析,获取地下水温变化的主控因素。研究结果表明:在不受水源热泵影响时,地下水位埋深是地下水温度的主控因素。在水源热泵影响下,地下水温受气温、降水量、地下水位埋深和回水井水温的共同影响:在垂向上,回水井水温对监测井水温的影响程度随着深度的增大而逐渐降低,地下水温度的主控因素由回水井水温转变为地下水位埋深,在水平方向上,回水井水温对监测井水温的影响程度随着距离的增大而逐渐减小,地下水温度的主控因素由回水井水温转变为气温和地下水位埋深。     

提高克劳斯硫回收装置收率的方法

基于某厂克劳斯硫回收装置,对影响克劳斯硫回收率的因素进行分析,发现反应温度、酸气组成、催化剂、工艺及设备等因素对硫回收率产生重要影响;提出了改进措施来提高克劳斯硫回收装置的回收率,包括:①使用主、副调节阀减小酸性气流量变化的影响;②应用在线分析仪,控制反应计量比;③采用预热空气和酸性气等方法处理含NH3酸性气;④选用性能好的催化剂;⑤调节高温掺合阀开度,控制一级转化器操作温度;⑥采用过程气换热器加热,通过旁路来控制二级转化器操作温度。     

勉县地质灾害分布与影响因素的相关性分析

受水文地质、工程地质条件及人类工程活动等影响因素的影响,勉县是陕南地区地质灾害的多发区。为了研究勉县地质灾害分布与影响因素之间的相关性,分别绘制了各影响因素与地质灾害分布的叠加图,并对其进行统计分析。得出结论:勉县地质灾害集中发育于汉江盆地年平均降雨量为850mm~900 mm的区域、中低山区和丘陵区以及志留系-奥陶系下统和侏罗系地层岩性区。地质灾害沿主要水系、断裂、公路等两侧一定范围内呈"带状"分布。汉江两侧1 km范围内灾害点最多,灾害点密度最大;勉县—略阳构造带两侧1 km范围内灾害点最多,灾害点密度最大;十天高速两侧1 km范围内灾害点最多,灾害点密度最大。分析结论为勉县移民搬迁项目和基础设施建设提供可靠的地质灾害防治依据。     

String analysis by sliding positioning strategy

Discovering frequent factors from long strings is an important problem in many applications, such as biosequence mining. In classical approaches, the algorithms process a vast database of small strings. However, in this paper we analyze a small database of long strings. The main difference resides in the high number of patterns to analyze. To tackle the problem, we have developed a new algorithm for discovering frequent factors in long strings. We present an Apriori-like solution which exploits the fact that any super-pattern of a non-frequent pattern cannot be frequent. The SANSPOS algorithm does a multiple-pass, candidate generation and test approach. Multiple length patterns can be generated in a pass. This algorithm uses a new data structure to arrange nodes in a trie. A Positioning Matrix is defined as a new positioning strategy. By using Positioning Matrices, we can apply advanced prune heuristics in a trie with a minimal computational cost. The Positioning Matrices let us process strings including Short Tandem Repeats and calculate different interestingness measures efficiently. Furthermore, in our algorithm we apply parallelism to transverse different sections of the input strings concurrently, speeding up the resulting running time. The algorithm has been successfully used in natural language and biological sequence contexts.     

长江口不同河段表层细颗粒泥沙絮凝特性

利用长江口的现场观测资料分析河口不同区段表层细颗粒泥沙絮凝特性及其影响因素。结果表明:在河口上段水域,流速对絮凝表现为破坏作用,盐度是"制约"条件,流速和浊度对絮团影响明显,絮团平均粒径约为40.69mm,是分散粒径的4倍左右;口门最大浑浊带水域絮团峰值出现在憩流或者中等流速处,高盐度抑制、低盐度促进絮团生长,小潮时流速影响最明显、大潮时则是盐度,絮团平均粒径小潮为28.54mm、大潮35.17mm,是分散粒径2~3倍左右;北港口外,絮团生长或者破碎频繁,流速表现出促进作用,盐度有抑制作用,盐度对絮团影响最大,絮团平均粒径约为110.36mm,是分散粒径的18倍左右。     

Outlook on fertilizer use efficiency in the tropics

In this paper efficiency of applied fertilizers under tropical conditions is examined. Understanding of the fertilizer efficiency is particularly important for the developing countries mainly because there is need for enhancement of crop yields at a reduced cost. Many of the soil, plant and climatic factors of the tropical regions that contribute to the efficiency of the applied fertilizers have been discussed. Many of the tropical soils are acidic in nature and in these soils efficiency of applied fertilizer is relatively poor, mainly because plant roots are unable to grow and function to their fullest extent in utilizing the soils available nutrients. To enhance yield potentials there is need for understanding of interaction between crop species and soil and climatic variables. Incorporation and adoptation of a suitable application time can greatly enhance efficiency of urea form of nitrogen. Research findings in tropical soils have shown that an initial broadcast application of P and subsequent band treatment is more effective than either method of application alone. Current crop yields in tropical countries are far below the known yield potentials. Such low production potentials are attributed to the lack of suitable crop germplasms and understanding of improved agronomic practices. Intensification of research activities in fertilizer use efficiency in tropical countries is suggested.Senior author formerly was a Research Advisor to EMBRAPA/IICA/World Bank Program in Brazil.