Rapid and Superior Bacteria Killing of Carbon Quantum Dots/ZnO Decorated Injectable Folic Acid‐Conjugated PDA Hydrogel through Dual‐Light Triggered ROS and Membrane Permeability

One of the most difficult challenges in the biomedical field is bacterial infection, which causes tremendous harm to human health. In this work, an injectable hydrogel is synthesized through rapid assembly of dopamine (DA) and folic acid (FA) cross‐linked by transition metal ions (TMIs, i.e., Zn²⁺), which was named as DFT‐hydrogel. Both the two carboxyl groups in the FA molecule and catechol in polydopamine (PDA) easily chelates Zn²⁺ to form metal–ligand coordination, thereby allowing this injectable hydrogel to match the shapes of wounds. In addition, PDA in the hydrogel coated around carbon quantum dot‐decorated ZnO (C/ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) to rapidly generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and heat under illumination with 660 and 808 nm light, endows this hybrid hydrogel with great antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus, typical Gram‐positive bacteria) and Escherichia coli (E. coli, typical Gram‐negative bacteria). The antibacterial efficacy of the prepared DFT‐C/ZnO‐hydrogel against S. aureus and E. coli under dual‐light irradiation is 99.9%. Importantly, the hydrogels release zinc ions over 12 days, resulting in a sustained antimicrobial effect and promoted fibroblast growth. Thus, this hybrid hydrogel exhibits great potential for the reconstruction of bacteria‐infected tissues, especially exposed wounds.     

Simple image intensity compensation (SIMIC) method prior to application of distortion correction algorithms in brain diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Validation test for two cost functions of distortion correction algorithms

The purpose of this study is to design a simple image intensity compensation (SIMIC) method prior to the application of a variety of cost functions for distortion correction in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). The synthetic dataset consists of each direction of diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) made by multiplication of nondiffusion weighted image (b = 0 image) and tensor matrices. We added the effects of patient motion and eddy current distortion using translation, rotation, scaling and shearing matrices. We calculated the b = 0 image of each direction from original DTI, inversely. A co‐registration method was applied to the extracted b = 0 images of each direction based on the original b = 0 image and then, the transformation matrices were generated and the original DTI were transformed using this transformation matrix. For the DTI distortion correction, two kinds of cost functions, normalized mutual information (NMI) and normalized cross‐correlation (NCC), were used. Visual assessments and quantitative measurements were used to evaluate the results. When using the NMI as a cost function, the quantitative results showed no significant differences between NMI and NMI with SIMIC method. However, there are significant differences compared with using the NCC as a cost function. Our study showed cost function for image distortion correction with SIMIC method improved the results both quantitatively and in terms of qualitative accuracy. This method may be helpful for DTI analysis and helpful for increasing accuracy. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 25, 328–33, 2015     

良分布的多特征遥感图像自动配准算法

针对基于点特征的遥感图像自动配准算法中存在特征点分布不均匀的问题,提出了一种基于SIFT(尺度不变特征变换)、Harris-Laplace(多尺度角点)、MSER(最大稳定极值区域)特征提取算法的多特征遥感影像配准方法。通过多特征与二次匹配,极大的提高了匹配点数目;通过基于距离的筛选,保证匹配点分布均匀合理;通过局部互信息精校正,使匹配点精度更高,最终达到高质量(空间分布均衡,匹配精度高)自动配准目的。     

Information-Theoretic Competitive Learning with Inverse Euclidean Distance Output Units

In this paper, we propose a new information theoretic competitive learning method. We first construct a learning method in single-layered networks, and then we extend it to supervised multi-layered networks. Competitive unit outputs are computed by the inverse of Euclidean distance between input patterns and connection weights. As distance is smaller, competitive unit outputs are stronger. In realizing competition, neither the winner-take-all algorithm nor the lateral inhibition is used. Instead, the new method is based upon mutual information maximization between input patterns and competitive units. In maximizing mutual information, the entropy of competitive units is increased as much as possible. This means that all competitive units must equally be used in our framework. Thus, no under-utilized neurons or dead neurons are generated. When using multi-layered networks, we can improve noise-tolerance performance by unifying information maximization and minimization. We applied our method with single-layered networks to a simple artificial data problem and an actual road classification problem. In both cases, experimental results confirmed that the new method can produce the final solutions almost independently of initial conditions, and classification performance is significantly improved. Then, we used multi-layered networks, and applied them to a character recognition problem and a political data analysis. In these problem, we could show that noise-tolerance performance was improved by decreasing information content on input patterns to certain points.     

基于改进遗传算法的盲解卷积

针对时域盲解卷积存在求解变量多、收敛速度慢、容易陷入局部最优等问题进行了研究,提出一种防止遗传算法局部收敛的“监测策略”,可以实时监控算法向全局最优解靠近的情况;同时对交叉概率、变异概率等关键技术进行相应设计,该算法能够自动跳出局部最优,快速地收敛于全局最优解。在概率密度估计的基础上,得到时域盲解卷积的基于最小互信息的分离准则。以此最小互信息准则确定遗传算法的寻优标准,快速地实现了时域盲解卷积。使用Matlab软件仿真验证了该时域盲解卷积算法的有效性。     

基于特征漂移的数据流集成分类方法

为构建更加有效的隐含概念漂移数据流分类器,依据不同数据特征对分类关键程度不同的理论,提出基于特征漂移的数据流集成分类方法（ECFD）。首先,给出了特征漂移的概念及其与概念漂移的关系;然后,利用互信息理论提出一种适合数据流的无监督特征选择技术（UFF）,从而析取关键特征子集以检测特征漂移;最后,选用具有概念漂移处理能力的基础分类算法,在关键特征子集上建立异构集成分类器,该方法展示了一种隐含概念漂移高维数据流分类的新思路。大量实验结果显示,尤其在高维数据流中,该方法在精度、运行速度及可扩展性方面都有较好的表现。     

运用有向图进行中文分词研究

首先说明了分词在中文信息处理中的作用,然后介绍了分词系统中的关键技术。提出了一种基于有向图的中文分词算法,该算法首先构造中文分词有向图,然后计算中文分词有向图中所有可能的切分路径,最后利用了最少分词原则、汉字之间的互信息和词语的频率等信息给中文分词有向图中的每条切分路径打分,分数最高的路径就对应正确的切分结果。开放测试结果表明分词精确率可达90%以上。     

NTFS与EXT2文件系统互访探究

Windows和Linux是目前主流操作系统阵营中的两大主力。由于种种原因,这两种操作系统采用了各自独立的文件系统格式,WindowsNT系列采用NTFS文件系统,而GNU/Linux则为EXT2文件系统,两者互相不能访问。为了解决两者的互访问题,重点探讨了两种文件系统间的访问原理与方法,分析了不同操作系统平台下能够实现互访功能的应用程序。     

Platelet Derivatives and the Immunomodulation of Wound Healing

Besides their primary role in hemostasis, platelets contain a plethora of immunomodulatory molecules that profoundly affect the entire process of wound repair. Therefore, platelet derivatives, such as platelet-rich plasma or platelet lysate, have been widely employed with promising results in the treatment of chronic wounds. Platelet derivatives provide growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines targeting resident and immigrated cells belonging to the innate and adaptive immune system. The recruitment and activation of neutrophils and macrophages is critical for pathogen clearance in the early phase of wound repair. The inflammatory response begins with the release of cytokines, such as TGF-β, aimed at damping excessive inflammation and promoting the regenerative phase of wound healing. Dysregulation of the immune system during the wound healing process leads to persistent inflammation and delayed healing, which ultimately result in chronic wound. In this review, we summarize the role of the different immune cells involved in wound healing, particularly emphasizing the function of platelet and platelet derivatives in orchestrating the immunological response.     

ICOSL Stimulation by ICOS-Fc Accelerates Cutaneous Wound Healing In Vivo

Background: ICOS and its ligand ICOSL are immune receptors whose interaction triggers bidirectional signals that modulate the immune response and tissue repair. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the in vivo effects of ICOSL triggering by ICOS-Fc, a recombinant soluble form of ICOS, on skin wound healing. Methods: The effect of human ICOS-Fc on wound healing was assessed, in vitro, and, in vivo, by skin wound healing assay using ICOS^−/− and ICOSL^−/− knockout (KO) mice and NOD-SCID-IL2R null (NSG) mice. Results: We show that, in wild type mice, treatment with ICOS-Fc improves wound healing, promotes angiogenesis, preceded by upregulation of IL-6 and VEGF expression; increases the number of fibroblasts and T cells, whereas it reduces that of neutrophils; and increases the number of M2 vs. M1 macrophages. Fittingly, ICOS-Fc enhanced M2 macrophage migration, while it hampered that of M1 macrophages. ICOS^−/− and ICOSL^−/− KO, and NSG mice showed delayed wound healing, and treatment with ICOS-Fc improved wound closure in ICOS^−/− and NSG mice. Conclusion: These data show that the ICOS/ICOSL network cooperates in tissue repair, and that triggering of ICOSL by ICOS-Fc improves cutaneous wound healing by increasing angiogenesis and recruitment of reparative macrophages.