Combining classifiers under probabilistic models: experimental comparative analysis of methods

This work will present a review of the concept of classifier combination based on the combined discriminant function. We will present a Bayesian approach, in which the discriminant function assumes the role of the posterior probability. We will propose a probabilistic interpretation of expert rules and conditions of knowledge consistency for expert rules and learning sets. We will suggest how to measure the quality of learning materials and we will use the measure mentioned above for an algorithm that eliminates contradictions in the rule set. In this work several recognition algorithms will be described, based on either: (i) pure rules, or; (ii) rules together with learning sets. Furthermore, the original concept of information unification, which enables the formation of rules on the basis of learning set or learning set on the basis of rules will be proposed. The obtained conclusions will serve as a spring‐board for the formulation of new project guidelines for this type of decision‐making system. At the end, experimental results of the proposed algorithms will be presented, both from computer generated data and for a real problem from the medical diagnostics field.     

Evaluation and comparison of estimation methods for failure rates and probabilities

An updated parametric robust empirical Bayes (PREB) estimation methodology is presented as an alternative to several two-stage Bayesian methods used to assimilate failure data from multiple units or plants. PREB is based on prior-moment matching and avoids multi-dimensional numerical integrations. The PREB method is presented for failure-truncated and time-truncated data. Erlangian and Poisson likelihoods with gamma prior are used for failure rate estimation, and Binomial data with beta prior are used for failure probability per demand estimation. Combined models and assessment uncertainties are accounted for. One objective is to compare several methods with numerical examples and show that PREB works as well if not better than the alternative more complex methods, especially in demanding problems of small samples, identical data and zero failures. False claims and misconceptions are straightened out, and practical applications in risk studies are presented.     

基于贝叶斯最小错误率的一种新的指纹分割算法

指纹图像分割是自动指纹识别系统中非常重要的一步。本文介绍了一种新的基于贝叶斯最小错误率的指纹分割方法。首先,提出了一种新的基于方向信息的分割特征。然后,具体介绍了基于这种特征的分割算法。最后根据最小错误率的贝叶斯决策确定合适的阈值割除背景区域。这种方法在FVC2000指纹库中进行了测试,实验结果证明了它的有效性。     

A Probabilistic Approach to Concurrent Mapping and Localization for Mobile Robots

This paper addresses the problem of building large-scale geometric maps of indoor environments with mobile robots. It poses the map building problem as a constrained, probabilistic maximum-likelihood estimation problem. It then devises a practical algorithm for generating the most likely map from data, along with the most likely path taken by the robot. Experimental results in cyclic environments of size up to 80 by 25 meter illustrate the appropriateness of the approach.     

数据库信息分类中贝叶斯网络模型的应用

数据库信息分类中 ,朴素贝叶斯分类模型是一种简单而有效的分类方法 ,但它的属性独立性假设使其无法表达属性变量间存在的依赖关系 ,影响了它的分类性能 .而一般贝叶斯网络模型则由于能表达属性变量之间的依赖关系而越来越受到人们的重视 ,但一般贝叶斯网络分类模型结构的学习算法是一个NP完全问题 .本研究在一种简化的贝叶斯网络分类模型的基础上 ,利用其多项式时间复杂度的结构学习算法 ,将其应用于数据库信息分类 ,实现了学习效率和分类精度的一种折衷 .实验结果表明 ,这种分类方法有着比较高的数据库信息文本检索性能 .     

基于语义分类的文物图像标注研究

由于图像数据中普遍存在的“语义鸿沟”问题，传统的基于内容的图像检索技术对于数字图书馆中的图像检索往往力不从心。而图像标注能有效地弥补语义的缺失。文中分析了图像语义标注的现状以及存在的问题，提出了基于语义分类的文物语义标注方法。算法首先通过构建一个Bayes语义分类器对待标注图像进行语义分类，进而通过在语义类内部建立基于统计的标注模型，实现了图像的语义标注。在针对文物图像进行标注的实验中，该方法获得了较好的标注准确率和效率。     

基于Bayes估计理论的数据融合方法

本文研究了多传感器数据融合技术的一种方法。融合方法以Bayes估计理论为基础,并对数据进行了一致性检验,得到了多传感器最优融合数据,提高了数据的精确度。实际应用结果验证了算法的准确性,并进行了Matlab仿真。这种数据融合方法计算简便,可以获得比有限个传感器的算术平均值更准确的测量结果。具有较高的可靠性,可用于测量结果具有正态分布特性的多传感器测量系统。     

多智能方法及其融合系统在化工过程故障诊断中的应用

简要介绍了决策树、神经网络、K近邻等五种智能方法,提出了一种将这五种智能方法相融合的故障诊断系统,并将其应用在催化裂化装置上.通过对这五种智能方法及其融合系统的性能考察表明,融合策略发挥了各方法的优点,回避了它们的缺点,提升了系统的整体性能,其召回率为100%,精确度为98%.     

双参数Rayleigh分布环境因子的经验Bayes估计及应用

本文针对Rayleigh分布位置参数已知的情形,给出了Rayleigh分布环境因子的极大似然估计和经验Bayes估计,并将环境因子的估计结果应用于Rayleigh部件的可靠性评估,给出了该部件可靠度函数与失效率的估计。最后的随机模拟例子表明,经验Bayes估计优于极大似然估计,并且在考虑环境因子的情形下,Rayleigh部件可靠性指标的估计优于未考虑环境因子时的估计。     

基于改进的Bayes判别法的中文多义词消歧

介绍了词义消歧研究的进展。对基于Bayes判别法的词义消歧算法做了改进,加大与多义词存在句法依存关系的特征词在Bayes判别公式中的权值比重,较好改善词义消歧的效果,并设计对比实验,验证了改进算法的优越性,分析了语料规模、数据噪声、数据稀疏问题对词义消歧的影响的规律。