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61.
The magnetic properties of polyethersulfone-matrix composites with 3-19 vol.% polycrystalline nickel filaments (0.4 (im diam)
were investigated. These filaments were found to exhibit hysteresis energy loss 10800 J/m3 of nickel and coercive force 16.9 kA/m, compared to corresponding values of 4930 J/m3 and 4.7 kA/m for 2 μ.m diam polycrystalline nickel fibers, 1020 J/m3 and 0.5 kA/m for 20 μm diam polycrystalline nickel fibers, and 1280 J/m3 and 2.3 kA/m for solid polycrystalline nickel. 相似文献
62.
Air cleaning as a means of mitigating the risks arising from exposure to indoor radon progeny has been evaluated in a single-family house in the north eastem US. using an automated, semi-continuous activity-weighted size distribution measurement system. The measurements included radon concentration, condensation nuclei count, and activity-weighted size distribution of radon decay products. Measurements were made in the house with and without an operating air filtration system and with various particle sources common to normal indoor activities operating. Aerosols were generated by running water in a shower, candle burning, cigarette smoking, vacuuming, opening doors, and cooking. Using a room model, the changes in attachment rates, average attachment diameters, and deposition rates of the unattached fraction with and without the air cleaning system were calculated. In the presence of active aerosol sources, the air filtration unit typically reduced the concentration of particles within the hour following the end of particle generation. After candle burning, cigarette smoking, and vacuuming in the bedroom, the reductions of PAEC by air filtration are about 60% with the air filtration system operating in the bedroom. During cooking in the kitchen, the reductions of PAEC in the bedroom with the air filtration system were about 40%. However, for all cases the dose reductions were smaller than the particle and PAEC reductions. For those particles that were generated within the bedroom, there was a 20% to 50% reduction in dose. In the case of cooking where the door was open and particles infiltrated from the rest of the house, the dose reduction was only 5% on average and appears to be insignificant. Thus, the dose reductions were h e r than the reductions in activity concentration, but there were no cases where the estimated dose actually increased. 相似文献
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Marcus T. Schmitz Bashir M. Al-Hashimi Petru Eles 《Design Automation for Embedded Systems》2002,6(4):401-424
In this paper, we introduce the LOPOCOS (Low Power Co-synthesis) system, a prototype CAD tool for system level co-design. LOPOCOS targets the design of energy-efficient embedded systems implemented as heterogeneous distributed architectures. In particular, it is designed to solve the specific problems involved in architectures that include dynamic voltage scalable (DVS) processors. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how LOPOCOS can support the system designer in identifying energy-efficient hardware/software implementations for the desired embedded systems. Hence, highlighting the necessary optimization steps during design space exploration for DVS enable architectures. The optimization steps carried out in LOPOCOS involve component allocation and task/communication mapping as well as scheduling and dynamic voltage scaling. LOPOCOS has the following key features, which contribute to this energy efficiency. During the voltage scaling valuable power profile information of task execution is taken into account, hence, the accuracy of the energy estimation is improved. A combined optimization for scheduling and communication mapping based on genetic algorithm, optimizes simultaneously execution order and communication mapping towards the utilization of the DVS processors and timing behaviour. Furthermore, a separation of task and communication mapping allows a more effective implementation of both task and communication mapping optimizationsteps. Extensive experiments are conducted to demonstrate the efficiency of LOPOCOS. We report up to 38% higher energy reductions compared to previous co-synthesis techniques for DVS systems. The investigations include a real-life example of an optical flow detection algorithm. 相似文献
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The energies of various steps on the As-terminated GaAs(001)-2 × 4 surface are evaluated using a novel, approximate method of “linear combination of structural motifs”. It is based on the observation that previous total energy minimizations of semiconductor surfaces produced invariably equilibrium structures made of the same recurring local structural motifs, e.g. tetrahedral fourfold Ga, pyramidal threefold As, etc. Furthermore, such surface structures were found to obey consistently the octet rules as applied to the local motifs. We thus express the total energy of a given semiconductor surface as a sum of (i) the energies M of the local structural motifs appearing in the surface under consideration and (ii) an electrostatic term representing the Madelung energy of point charges resulting from application of the octet rule. The motif energies are derived from a set of pseudopotential total energy calculations for flat GaAs(001) surfaces and for point defects in bulk GaAs. This set of parameters suffices to reproduce the energies of other (001) surfaces, calculated using the same pseudopotential total energy approach. Application to GaAs(001)-2 × 4 surfaces with steps reveals the following. (i) “Primitive steps”, defined solely according to their geometries (i.e. step heights, widths and orientations) are often unstable. (ii) Additional, non-geometric factors beyond step geometries such as addition of surface adatoms, creation of vacancies and atomic rebonding at step edges are important to lower step energies. So is step-step interaction. (iii) The formation of steps is generally endothermic. (iv) The formation of steps with edges parallel to the direction of surface As dimers (A steps) is energetically favored over the formation of steps whose edges are perpendicular to the As dimers (B steps). 相似文献
69.
Wrinkling is a well known phenomenon experimented by tension membranes in Civil Engineering applications. This paper will
present an efficient numerical technique for the computational simulation of such wrinkles in a prestressed membrane. In particular,
the relaxed energy approach (Pipkin in IMA J Appl Math 36:85–99, 1986) is particularized for prestressed membranes (Gil in
Textile composites and inflatable structures, CIMNE, 2003) undergoing moderate strains. Wrinkling conditions in terms of the
Euler-Lagrange finite deformation tensor along principal directions will be obtained. This will provide a framework to describe
properly the initial instant when wrinkles start to be encountered in a prestressed Saint Venant–Kirchhoff hyperelastic membrane.
Subsequently, a modified Helmholtz’s free energy functional will be introduced with the purpose of describing the modified
constitutive behaviour of the continuum after the onset of wrinkling. Consistent derivations of the stress tensor as well
as the constitutive tensor will de depicted. The results will be particularized for membranes and cables in a Finite Element
discretization basis. Some numerical examples will prove the accuracy and robustness of the described algorithm. 相似文献
70.
泡沫铝的动态压缩性能和吸能性研究 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
通过测量泡沫铝在动态和准静态压缩条件下的应力 -应变曲线 ,研究了泡沫铝的准静态和动态压缩行为以及不同应变条件下的吸能性 ,并对其应变率效应进行了分析。结果表明 ,在高应变速率和准静态压缩下 ,泡沫铝的σ -ε曲线均表现出弹性变形段、平缓段和密实段三阶段特征 ;泡沫铝的压缩性能具有明显的应变速率敏感性 ,随应变速率的提高 ,流动应力上升 ,吸能性升高 相似文献