The role of pH in thaumasite sulfate attack

The thaumasite form of sulfate attack (TSA) has been recognised in recent years as a distinct mechanism by which degradation of buried concrete can occur in the presence of an external source of sulfate ions. There is, however, disagreement about the role of pH. It has been proposed that attack by sulfuric acid, produced by oxidation of pyrite, is sometimes the primary cause of deterioration. Others believe that the acid is rapidly neutralised giving a higher concentration of sulfate ions in the ground, hence increasing the extent of attack. The aim of the laboratory study reported here was to understand the role of sulfuric acid in TSA by examining concrete cubes, made from three types of cement and two types of aggregate, immersed at low temperature in two solutions, one alkaline corresponding to BRE Design Sulfate Class DS-3 and the other acidic. It is concluded that the presence of acid does not promote the formation of thaumasite. Although degradation of the concrete was observed in acid conditions, the mechanism was not TSA as observed in alkaline conditions.     

Microstructure of 5-year-old mortars containing limestone filler damaged by thaumasite

This paper presents the findings of a long-term study on the microstructure of Portland cement mortar specimens containing 5%, 15% and 35% limestone filler, as cement replacement, after exposure to a solution of magnesium sulfate at a concentration of 1.44% SO₄, for 5 years at 5 °C. The findings are compared to results reported earlier, obtained from the same systems but after 1-year exposure. It was found that the deterioration due to thaumasite advanced with the increased exposure period and limestone content. Thaumasite solid solutions (Tss) formed as the dominant phases within the deteriorated cement matrix and at the paste-aggregate interface resulting in cracks and delamination. Thaumasite was also found as an inner product in various clinker grains. Interestingly, the control specimens, with no limestone filler, were found to exhibit cracks due to the formation of Tss, with atmospheric carbon dioxide being the most likely source for the carbonates.     

高强和高性能混凝土在青海盐湖卤水中的抗腐蚀性

针对青海盐湖地区特定的自然环境，配制了普通、高强和高性能混凝土，同时进行了不同混凝土的卤水腐蚀单因素试验和卤水腐蚀－－干湿循环双因素试验。结果表明，普通混凝土的耐久性很差，高强混凝土的抗腐蚀性不尽人意，高性能混凝土具有优良的抗腐蚀性能，钢纤维和高强高弹模聚乙烯纤维增强高性能混凝土在双因素作用下抗腐蚀性更好。     

矿物外加剂对混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能的研究和评价

为考察不同矿物外加剂对混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能的影响，本文采用ASTMC1202-95A5％Na2SO4溶液浸泡的方法，对掺不同铝含量的耕煤灰及硅灰浸凝土的一年龄期膨胀率进行了研究。试验结果显示，掺入耕煤灰、硅灰等矿物外加剂使混凝土膨胀串大幅度降低，25％耕煤灰和10％硅灰双掺浸凝土其膨胀率仅为对比组的54．5％；试验结果还显示，掺不同铝含量的耕煤灰混凝土膨胀率基本相近，这表明耕煤灰铝含量不一定是影响混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能的主要因素。本文还利用Frearson的评价标准对混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能进行了分析，结果表明掺矿物外加剂浸凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能与用抗硫酸盐水泥配制的混凝土性能相当。     

外加剂与矿物掺合料对混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀的有效性研究

本文通过2年多的砂浆棒浸泡试验，系统研究了高效减水剂、膨胀剂、硅灰、粉煤灰等常用外加剂与矿物掺合料对混凝土抗硫酸盐、硫酸侵蚀作用的有效性。结果表明，高效减水剂提高密实度只能延缓混凝土的侵蚀破坏；膨胀剂、硅灰、粉煤灰能显著提高温凝土的抗蚀性，但抗蚀系数的经时变化规律不同。     

粉煤灰在海工混凝土中的应用研究

通过系统研究优质粉煤灰对混凝土抗氯离子渗透、硫酸盐侵蚀、干燥收缩等性能的影响，根据Fick第二定律，在海工工程中使用适量粉煤灰可以明显改善混凝土的耐久性寿命。     

多孔混凝土在干湿交替作用下加速硫酸盐侵蚀的耐久性评价

研究了干湿交替作用下加速硫酸盐侵蚀对植生型多孔混凝土耐久性的影响.采用正交实验方法,研究了净浆水胶比、矿粉掺量和骨料粒径三种因素对多孔混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性以及对抗压强度的影响.试验通过将测量的超声波波速换算为相对动弹模量以评价多孔混凝土的硫酸盐侵蚀破坏程度.实验结果表明,在相同空隙率情况下,骨料粒径越小,抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能越好;水胶比在0.25～0.29的范围内,净浆水胶比越大,抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能越好;磨细矿粉掺量大于20%时,不利于提高多孔混凝土的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能.     

混凝土硫酸盐侵蚀速度影响因素研究

研究了水灰比、胶砂比、试件尺寸、预养方式、溶液浓度及温度对混凝土硫酸盐侵蚀速度的影响.结果表明:试件的水灰比越大、胶砂比越小、试件尺寸越小(比表面积越大),则硫酸盐侵蚀速度越快;提高养护温度、缩短养护时间可以加快硫酸盐侵蚀速度;硫酸盐侵蚀速度随着硫酸盐溶液浓度增大和温度提高而加快,但当浓度和温度超过某一数值后,硫酸盐侵蚀速度反而减慢.在各种条件下,混凝土硫酸钠侵蚀速度比混凝土硫酸镁侵蚀快;对硫酸钠型侵蚀,采用抗折抗蚀系数作为判定指标较为合理,而对硫酸镁型侵蚀,应该综合考虑抗折、抗压抗蚀系数.     

混凝土外部硫酸盐侵蚀破坏的研究

硫酸盐侵蚀是影响混凝土耐久性的重要因素之一。对于混凝土硫酸盐侵蚀问题的研究具有重要的意义。主要研究了外界环境中硫酸盐对混凝土的侵蚀破坏,从物理硫酸盐侵蚀和化学硫酸盐侵蚀两方面论述了混凝土外部硫酸盐侵蚀的类型及破坏特征,并对外部硫酸盐侵蚀过程中石膏的形成作为膨胀源进行了讨论。     

硫酸钠溶液对混凝土抗冻性的影响

对混凝土在硫酸盐侵蚀条件下的抗冻性进行了实验研究,分析了硫酸钠溶液影响混凝土抗冻性的机理,结果表明,水灰比不同的混凝土,受到硫酸钠溶液影响的程序有所不同：水灰比较高,强度较低的混凝土,其弹性模量的下降比在水中时稍慢,抗冻融循环次数稍多;水灰比较低,强度较高的混凝土则由于硫酸盐侵蚀发挥作用,所以要比在水中冻融更早达到破坏,破坏形态为断裂。