On input‐to‐state stability‐based design for leader/follower formation control with measurement delays

This paper addresses the design of low‐level controllers for leader–follower formations of nonholonomic vehicles in the presence of bounded measurement delays. The concept of input‐to‐state stability is extended to encompass the effect of bounded delays and restrictions on the input. A method is proposed to integrate a Smith predictor in a backstepping design on the basis of nested saturations and nonlinear small‐gain assignment, which allows for time delays in the feedback loop. Robustness analysis under uncertain bounded time delays is provided, and design tradeoffs resulting from the use of bounded controls are discussed. Illustrative simulations are shown to validate the design and robustness analysis in the context of a simple leader–follower trailing control problem. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Limit load and shakedown analysis of plastic structures under stochastic uncertainty

Problems from plastic analysis are based on the convex, linear or linearised yield/strength condition and the linear equilibrium equation for the stress (state) vector. In practice one has to take into account stochastic variations of several model parameters. Hence, in order to get robust maximum load factors, the structural analysis problem with random parameters must be replaced by an appropriate deterministic substitute problem. A direct approach is proposed based on the primary costs for missing carrying capacity and the recourse costs (e.g. costs for repair, compensation for weakness within the structure, damage, failure, etc.). Based on the mechanical survival conditions of plasticity theory, a quadratic error/loss criterion is developed. The minimum recourse costs can be determined then by solving an optimisation problem having a quadratic objective function and linear constraints. For each vector a(·) of model parameters and each design vector x, one obtains then an explicit representation of the “best” internal load distribution F^∗. Moreover, also the expected recourse costs can be determined explicitly. Consequently, an explicit stochastic nonlinear program results for finding a robust maximal load factor μ^∗. The analytical properties and possible solution procedures are discussed.     

Stability and control of nonlinear systems described by retarded functional equations: a review of recent results

This paper reports on recent results in a series of the work of the authors on the stability and nonlinear control for general dynamical systems described by retarded functional differential and difference equations. Both internal and external stability properties are studied. The corresponding Lyapunov and Razuminkhin characterizations for input-to-state and input-to-output stabilities are proposed. Necessary and sufficient Lyapunov-like conditions are derived for robust nonlinear stabilization. In particular, an explicit controller design procedure is developed for a new class of nonlinear time-delay systems. Lastly, sufficient assumptions, including a small-gain condition, are presented for guaranteeing the input-to-output stability of coupled systems comprised of retarded functional differential and difference equations.     

混合编码免疫算法在船舶载重计量的应用

提出一种混合编码免疫辨识算法, 并应用于船舶载重货物计量的模型辨识. 该算法结合免疫算法优越的全局搜索性能与GP算法简洁的结构树编码方法, 将抗体编码为模型结构树编码与模型参数编码的组合, 通过对抗体结构与参数的免疫操作, 实现全局寻优及非线性模型的结构与参数的一体化辨识. 算法不依赖对象的先验知识, 辨识的模型结构简单、易于理解. 仿真及船舶载模型的辨识应用验证了本算法的有效性及较强的非线性逼近能力.     

磁浮列车搭接结构的非线性解耦控制

磁浮列车的搭接结构是一个多输入多输出的非线性系统, 对该系统进行稳定控制是确保磁浮列车可靠性的关键. 本文采用微分几何方法对系统解耦; 采用反馈线性化方法对解耦后的系统进行线性化, 确保了系统的全局稳定性; 对线性化之后的系统采用极点配置的方法进行控制律设计, 使系统的动态性能达到一定的指标; 最后给出了应用此方法的一个实际例子.     

基于模糊自适应免疫算法的非线性系统模型参数估计

复杂生产工艺中非线性系统的模型参数估计是系统建模优化问题中的难点, 为避免优化算法过早收敛于错误的参数估计值, 根据生物免疫机理和模糊逻辑原理提出了一种新颖的模糊自适应免疫算法, 该算法采用混沌超变异操作增强算法搜索能力, 并用免疫网络调节策略保持抗体群的多样性, 同时采用模糊逻辑调节算法参数以提高算法的自适应能力. 函数优化仿真结果表明其具有较好的收敛性能, 并能够克服早收敛问题. 最后将其成功应用于重油热解非线性模型参数估计中, 验证了该算法解决实际建模问题的可行性和有效性.     

一类多输入级联非线性切换系统的全局镇定

研究一类带有部分线性系统的多输入级联非线性切换系统的全局镇定问题. 首先, 给出保证线性部分有一致规范型的充分条件. 其次, 利用一致规范型及其零动态的共同二次Lyapunov函数设计状态反馈使得线性部分在任意切换律下镇定. 最后, 通过构造共同Lyapunov函数能实现闭环系统在任意切换律下的全局渐近稳定性.     

双积分系统阶跃响应快速无超调控制: 一种增益切换非线性PD控制

采用标准PD或PID控制器镇定双积分对象时,系统的阶跃响应必然存在超调:为此,设计了一种可以切换增益的非线性PD控制器,给出了系统阶跃响应无超调的充要条件,以及减小调节时间的方法.采用的切换规律是:当误差的幅值大于设定门限时,设计好的快速PD控制器投入工作,以加快误差的收敛:当误差的幅值小于设定门限时,设计好的强阻尼PD控制器投入工作,以抑制可能出现的超调.通过这两个控制器的配合作用,既能实现阶跃响应无超调,又能有效减小调节时间.仿真验证了该结论.     

悬索桥主缆初应力对桥梁动力特性的影响

为掌握主缆初应力对桥梁动力特性的影响,以悬索桥为例,采用静力非线性分析方法计算应力变化过程中悬索桥的跨中挠度、缆索轴力及加劲梁的轴力变化;将得到的内力作为结构的预加应力进行有预应力的模态分析. 应用ANSYS软件进行分析,其中有限元建模时采用4种单元类型:空间梁单元BEAM4用于模拟加劲梁和塔;空间杆单元LINK10用于模拟主缆及吊杆;通过设定BEAM4和LINK10单元初应变进行有预应力的模态分析;采用MASS21单元模拟横隔板、吊杆锚固装置和桥面上的栏杆,并分别考虑质量和质量惯性矩的作用. 分析表明,悬索桥主梁竖弯振动频率受主缆初应力的影响较大,而侧弯振动频率和扭转振动频率受此影响较小. 该结果为同类桥梁的动力特性分析提供参考.     

双酚A型聚碳酸酯快速拉伸过程的分子动力学模拟

本文采用用分子动力学方法研究了双酚A型聚碳酸酯的快速拉伸过程.采用COMPASS力场和NPT系综研究了应力应/变关系、能量/应变关系等.应力-应变曲线的研究结果显示,前"屈服点"和后"屈服点"分别为0.14和0.17,应变≤0.05为"弹性区域".0.14<ε_(xx)<1.05的区域为"塑性区域",ε_(xx)>1.05属于"硬化"区.能量-应力关系的研究结果显示,在应力-应变呈线性关系的"弹性区域",体系的总势能及各势能分量随应变增大发生不规则的波动.为了从能量的角度解释PBC-PC在外部拉伸条件下的应变情况,本文还研究了体系总能量与各能量分项,与应变的关系,对链结构与能量分项的关系进行了讨论.