给水处理投药控制的非线性数学模型及仿真

为了更好地控制给水处理系统中的投药量,本文用机理建模及分布参数系统建模的方法,建立了可用于给水处理投药过程控制的数学仿真模型,该仿真模型包括了给水处理过程中混凝、絮凝、沉淀3步最基本过程,反映了水厂各设计参数对水处理投药控制效果的影响以及混凝药剂与絮凝池、沉淀池出水浊度之间的动态响应关系.仿真模拟了水厂原水浊度发生突变对絮凝池及沉淀池的出水浊度的动态影响,仿真结果与实际水厂数据相近.研究结果可以用来进一步研究水处理过程控制,为更深入研究适用于给水处理的非线性控制方法提供良好的模拟仿真分析平台.     

电路模拟中非线性方程的周期波形响应

用范数估计方法对非线性高阶微分方程的周期边值问题进行了讨论,通过对非线性二阶微分方程周期边值问题的详细讨论,给出了系统函数对某些变量偏导数的某种范数小于1时,非线性二阶微分方程的波形松弛算法产生的迭代序列收敛到该方程的周期解.用类似的方法给出了非线性高阶微分方程的波形松弛算法产生的迭代序列收敛到该方程周期解的充分性条件.     

通用突变控制方法及其在潜艇中的应用

运用非线性动力学和突变理论,研究了高维系统建立具有理想特性突变的控制方法.引入冲失滤波器保证系统平衡点不变,并利用隐式判据、中心流形定理以及规范形法确定控制增益.以潜艇空间运动为例,阐述计算的全过程.该控制方法简便、快捷,可广泛应用到实际控制系统的设计中.     

四叔丁基萘酞菁氧钒非线性及光限幅特性

为提高酞菁化合物的非线性光学性能,以1,8-二氮杂双环[5.4.0]十一碳烯-7(DBU)为催化剂,采用液相法合成了四叔丁基萘酞菁氧钒((t-Bu)4NcVO)化合物.利用元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱方法,验证了化合物的分子结构.应用调Q倍频ns/ps Nd∶YAG脉冲激光系统,在波长为532nm下,研究了化合物的非线性和光限幅特性.测得化合物的非线性折射率n2和三阶非线性极化率χ(3)分别为2.51×10-11esu和8.54×10-12esu,通过计算得到分子极化率γ’为3.7×10-29esu.在透过率69%时限幅阈值为1608mJ/cm2,箝位值为585mJ/cm2,有效激发态与基态吸收截面比为3.66.     

Reserve estimation of an open pit mine under price uncertainty by real option approach

Reserve estimation is a key to find the correct NPV in a mining project. The most important factor in reserve estimation is the metal price. Metal price fluctuations in recent years were exaggerated, and imposed a high degree of uncertainty to the re-serve estimation, and in consequence to the whole mine planning procedure. Real option approach is an efficient method of deci-sion making in the uncertain conditions. This approach has been used for evaluation of defined natural resources projects until now. This study considering the metal price uncertainty used real option approach to prepare a methodology for reserve estimation in open pit mines. This study was done on a copper cylindrical deposit, but the achieved methodology can be adjusted for all kinds of deposits. This methodology was comprehensively described through the examples in such a manner that can be used by the mine planners.     

A macro-meso constitutive law for concrete having imperfect interface and nonlinear matrix

The overall behavior of concrete depends on its meso structures such as aggregate shape, interface status, and mortar matrix property. The two key meso structure characters of concrete, bond status of interface and nonlinear property of matrix, are considered in focus. The variational structure principle is adopted to establish the macro-meso constitutive law of concrete. Specially, a linear reference composite material is selected to make its effective behavior approach the nonlinear overall behavior of concrete. And the overall property of linear reference composite can be estimated by classical estimation method such as self-consistent estimates method and Mori-Tanaka method. This variational structure method involves an optimum problem ultimately. Finally, the macro-meso constitutive law of concrete is established by optimizing the shear modulus of matrix of the linear reference composite. By analyzing the constitutive relation of concrete established, we find that the brittleness of concrete stems from the imperfect interface and the shear dilation property of concrete comes from the micro holes contained in concrete. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50679022, 90510017, 50539090) and National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2007CB714104)     

Risk reduction in Sechahun iron ore deposit by geological boundary modification using multiple indicator Kriging

Uncertainty on the geological contacts and the block volumes of the models along boundaries is often a major part of the global uncertainty of reserve estimation.This work introduces a geostatistical technique that has been developed and tested in an iron ore deposit at Bafq mining district,in central Iran,and that,based on a probability criterion,helps to objectively model the geometry of this iron ore deposit.The main problem in reserve estimation of this ore body is its geometrical modeling and uncertainty in geological boundaries.This work deals with the geostatistical method of multiple indicator kriging,which is used to determine the real boundaries of ore body in different categories.This approach has potential to improve project performance and decrease operational risk.For this purpose,the ore body is separated into two categories including rich iron zone （w（Fe）〉45%） and poor iron zone （20%〈w（Fe）〈45%）.It significantly benefits to decrease the risk of reserve evaluation in the deposit.This case study also highlights the value of multiple indicator kriging as a tool for estimates the position of grade boundaries within the deposit.Comparison of the resultant probability maps with the real ore/waste contacts on the extracted levels shows that the first indicator model could separate the whole ore body （poor plus rich） from the waste zone by probability of more than 0.35,which concludes the total reserve of 53 million tons.The second indicator model applied to separate the rich and poor domains and the results show that the blocks with the estimated probability of equal to or more than 0.4 lay within the rich ore zone consisting of 15.8 million tons reserve.     

ANALYSIS OF DISSIPATIVE STRUCTURE IN MATERIAL COMMINUTION

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A new high accuracy method for two-dimensional biharmonic equation with nonlinear third derivative terms: application to Navier–Stokes equations of motion

In this paper, we propose a new compact fourth-order accurate method for solving the two-dimensional fourth-order elliptic boundary value problem with third-order nonlinear derivative terms. We use only 9-point single computational cell in the scheme. The proposed method is then employed to solve Navier–Stokes equations of motion in terms of streamfunction–velocity formulation, and the lid-driven square cavity problem. We describe the derivation of the method in details and also discuss how our streamfunction–velocity formulation is able to handle boundary conditions in terms of normal derivatives. Numerical results show that the proposed method enables us to obtain oscillation-free high accuracy solution.     

Leader-following consensus for uncertain second-order nonlinear multi-agent systems

This paper studies the leader-following consensus problem for a class of second-order nonlinear multi-agent systems subject to linearly parameterized uncertainty and disturbance. The problem is solved by integrating the adaptive control technique and the adaptive distributed observer method. The design procedure is illustrated by an example with a group of Van der Pol oscillators as the followers and a harmonic system as the leader.