Gold(I)‐Catalysed Cyclisation of Alkynoic Acids: Towards an Efficient and Eco‐Friendly Synthesis of γ‐, δ‐ and ϵ‐Lactones

The improved synthesis of γ‐, δ‐ and ϵ‐lactones using a dinuclear N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐gold(I) catalyst is reported. This solvent‐free process provides access to γ‐ and δ‐lactones in high regio‐ and stereoselectivity. Reactions were performed at low catalyst loadings and without the need for any additives. The use of a digold pre‐catalyst provides a new synthetic route to functionalised ϵ‐lactones, poorly accessible using previous methodologies.

     

Transition Metal‐Free Carbazole Synthesis from Arylureas and Cyclohexanones

An efficient strategy for carbazole synthesis from arylureas and cyclohexanones under transition metal‐free conditions has been developed. The combined use of potassium iodide and iodine could significantly improve the reaction efficiency to provide 2,6‐disubstituted 9‐arylcarbazoles in moderate to good yields. In this kind of transformation, the whole carbazole moiety (except the nitrogen atom) comes from two equivalents of cyclohexanones.

     

球团烟气脱硫石膏制备α型高强石膏的研究

以球团烟气脱硫石膏作主要原料,添加剂使用丁二酸和十二烷基苯磺酸钠,并使用加压盐溶液的方法研制出抗压强度能达到45 MPa以上的α型高强石膏。分析了球团烟气脱硫石膏的物理及化学性能,转晶剂的含量与种类以及工艺条件对制品性能的影响,揭示了α型高强石膏的形成机理。结果表明：在使用加压盐溶液方法的前提下,温度、转晶剂用量、盐溶液浓度都会对制品的强度产生影响。     

某科研仓储区危险品库安全条件评价

根据相关标准,对某科研仓储区新建危险品库危险因素进行了分析,并对其进行了安全条件验收评价。对危险品库建筑物防火间距、防火防爆设施、中毒及化学灼伤的安全防范设施和措施进行了现场检查和评价。结果表明,该危险品库的安全防护设施和措施的设计、施工、运行满足国家相关规定。     

不同初始条件下新陈代谢灰色模型的沉降预测效果分析

为研究初始条件对新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型预测效果的影响,该文建立了四种基于不同初始条件的新陈代谢灰色模型,通过对比分析该四种模型在三种不同变形演化规律的工程实例中的预测结果,得出在上述四种初始条件中,基于n∑t=1[∧x(1)(k)-x(1)(k)]2=min的新陈代谢灰色模型可以在短期内对沉降监测做出更加准确的预测.     

深井复杂条件下巷道危险区域冲击地压防治研究:以唐口煤矿为例

唐口煤矿6305工作面煤层具有强冲击倾向性、顶底板具有弱冲击倾向性,巷道冲击地压问题显著。在综合分析地质因素的基础上,预测划分出工作面两巷道分别存在重度危险区域2个,中度危险区域2个。通过在巷道掘进过程中采用应力在线监测预警系统、微震监测系统和钻屑法检验,并重点监测预测危险区域,最终确定巷道冲击危险程度,并采取相应的预防措施。结果表明,逐级采用卸压爆破法与大直径钻孔卸压法对冲击地压进行防治,能有效降低冲击地压的危险性。     

Global maximum power point tracking based on new extremum seeking control scheme

A new perturbed‐based extremum seeking control (PESC) scheme is proposed in this paper to track the global maximum power point (GMPP). The PESC scheme has two control loops based on power of the photovoltaic (PV) array: the first loop operates as usually to track the maximum power point and the second sweeps all local MPPs to locate the GMPP. Once the GMPP is located based on its uniqueness (after the PV pattern is quickly scanned many times, depending on the PV pattern's profile), the GMPP is accurately tracked based on first control loop. The used PV patterns have the profile of the PV power characteristics obtained for PV array under partially shaded conditions (PSCs). This PESC scheme is proposed to track the GMPP in the PV applications, but also in other multimodal problems from industry, being a good motif to revive the specialists' interest for the extremum seeking control field. The results obtained here are very promising for both search speed and tracking accuracy performances of the GMPP under different PSCs simulated on the PV array. Thus, the energy efficiency of PV array controlled with the proposed PESC scheme will increase with more than 1.2% in comparison with that obtained with the other MPP algorithms because of better performance shown by this PESC scheme. A 99.6% tracking accuracy is obtained here in comparison with a maximum 98.4% tracking accuracy reported in the literature. Furthermore, 100% hit and high search speed are obtained here for the GMPP localization. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

重庆地区城市与村镇居民夏季室内环境调节调研

采用调研和实地测量,对重庆地区城市和村镇居民入户调研,分析了重庆地区城市和村镇居民夏季热环境调节行为,并讨论了年收入、空调拥有量和用电量三者之间定性关系。城市居民广泛使用空调降温,村镇居民空调使用主要集中于晚上,风扇仍是较多使用的降温方式。与村镇居民相比,城市居民年收入增加,空调拥有量和用电量明显增加。     

起始水力梯度对真空预压下砂井地基固结过程的影响

针对粘土中孔隙水渗流存在起始水力梯度的现象,将考虑起始水力梯度的非Darcy渗流方程引入传统的砂井固结理论对其进行修正,并给出了真空预压下砂井地基固结近似解。探讨起始水力梯度对真空预压下砂井地基固结过程的影响,包括渗流前锋面的运动规律、孔隙水压力的分布变化规律和平均固结度的变化规律。结果表明,由于存在起始水力梯度,会延缓真空压力的传播,进而影响孔隙水的渗流和整个土层的固结速度。起始水力梯度越大,滞后现象越明显。此外,起始水力梯度的存在将使平均孔隙水压力逐渐趋于某一稳定值,但无法达到真空压力,所以最终平均固结度将小于100%,且其值随起始水力梯度的增大而减小。