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191.
Viscoelastic properties of poly(isoprene-b-styrene) in dioctylphthalate under steady shear flow were measured near the order—disorder transition temperature. In ordered states, first normal stress difference N1 is proportional to shear rate
at low
region, but becomes proportional to
at the high
region, similar to the N1 behaviour of polymer blends undergoing shear-induced homogenization. Because the existence of microdomains was confirmed at the high
region by the flow birefringence method, it is concluded that the above N1 behaviour is not caused by shear-induced homogenization, but is probably caused by the shear-induced alignment of the microdomain structure. 相似文献
192.
The micellar properties of aqueous binary mixed solutions for two systems consisting of sodium cholate (NaC)-octaoxyethylene
glycol mono n-decyl ether (C10E8) and sodium glycocholate (NaGC)-C10E8 have been studied on the basis of surface tensions, polarity of the micelle interior and the mean aggregation number. Application
of two theoretical treatments, based on regular solution and excess thermodynamic quantities for critical micellar concentration
(CMC) data from surface tension curves of two mixed systems showed that the mole fraction of each bile salt in the mixed micelles
near the CMC is lower than that of the corresponding prepared mole fraction in the mixed solution. The polarity of the interior
suggested that the hydrophobicity of intramicelles increased with the increase of the mole fraction of bile salt in the mixed
solution and that the mixed micelles become dramatically more hydrophobic at a mole fraction of 0.68 for NaGC−C10E8 system and 0.75 for NaC−C10E8 system, respectively. This implies that the micelles become richer in the bile salt molecules and the tendency appears strongly
for NaGC−C10E8 system due to the strong cohesion between the conjugated glycines in the NaGC molecules. The decrease of aggregation number
with the increase of the mole fraction of bile salts shows that the micelles approach those of the single system of each bile
salt. This supports the previously mentioned facts. 相似文献
193.
G. Nelissen B. Van Den Bossche J. Deconinck A. Van Theemsche C. Dan 《Journal of Applied Electrochemistry》2003,33(10):863-873
Laminar and turbulent mass transfer in a parallel plate reactor at high Schmidt number obtained from numerical simulation is compared with literature data. In a first step, the fluid flow is determined numerically in the reactor by solving the Navier–Stokes equations. For turbulent flow, a low Reynolds number k— model is used to calculate the turbulent viscosity. Using the obtained flow field and turbulent viscosity, the current density distribution is calculated for different flow velocities by solving the equations describing the transport of multiple ions due to diffusion, convection and migration. For the laminar case, a very good agreement with literature data is obtained. For turbulent flow, different numerical models for turbulent mass transfer are proposed in the literature. A detailed study of the behaviour close to the wall of these different turbulence models is presented, together with a comparison of the calculated results with literature correlations. This allows identification of the benefits and disadvantages of each of the turbulence models for the numerical calculation of mass transfer at high Schmidt numbers in a parallel plate reactor. 相似文献
194.
Various aspects of alkyd emulsion technology have been investigated. The influence of alkyd oil length, acid value and hydroxyl number and type of surfactant used as emulsifier, on shear stability of alkyds emulsions have been studied. It was found that the acid value was the most important alkyd parameter, the stability increasing with increasing oil length. It is also shown that anionic surfactants give emulsions with small droplet sizes at lower concentrations than do nonionics. Polymerizable nonionic surfactants have been tested as emulsifiers and compared with conventional surfactants of the same hydrophilic lipophilic balance (HLB). It was found that surfactants capable of participating in the autoridative curing process give faster drying and improved film hardness compared with nonreactive surfactants. The distribution of driers between the alkyd phase and the water phase has been investigated. It was found that low pH and the use of hydrophilic anionic surfactants, such as sodium dodecyl sulphate, favour partitioning of cobalt into the aqueous phase which is unfavourable with respect to drying properties. 相似文献
195.
负重轮轴承的可靠度直接影响到履带式自行火炮的机动性能。综合考虑轴承在制造和使用过程中的各种因素,结合自行火炮的典型任务剖面,运用模糊数学和可靠性理论,对某型履带式自行火炮负重轮轴承的可靠度进行了分析。 相似文献
196.
航迹关联是实现分布式多传感器信息融合的关键技术.针对传统的模糊关联算法正确关联率低的问题,基于小波变换对传统的模糊关联算法进行了改进,提出一种新的航迹关联算法.首先,通过小波分析对目标航迹数据序列进行处理,获取新的航迹特征;然后,采用模糊均值聚类法确立隶属度函数、综合相似度和阈值判决准则,完成对已获取的新航迹特征的分类关联.仿真实验表明:与模糊算法相比,该算法的正确关联率提高约0.30. 相似文献
197.
198.
199.
提出一种模糊神经网络,并将其应用于两关节机械手轨迹跟踪控制。该网络采用三角形隶属度函数,将模糊控制与神经网络相结合,利用神经网络实现模糊推理。这种模糊神经网络能够在线调节输出隶属度函数中心以及关节间耦合权值,使得控制器具有更好的学习与自适应能力。仿真结果表明,这种网络能很好的用于机器人的轨迹跟踪控制中,是一种行之有效的控制方法。 相似文献
200.
人体目标的抽取是红外人体图像处理的基础 ,为了有效获取红外图像中的人体目标 ,提出了一种新的图像阈值化方法。首先在对模糊熵方法本质分析的基础上 ,通过参数变换定义了一种新的最小化模糊准则 ,然后将差分演化 ( differential evolution, DE)算法与新模糊准则相结合用于快速、有效地获取最佳阈值 ,最后在真实红外人体图像上与其他方法进行了对比实验。实验结果表明 ,所提出的方法不仅能得到理想的分割结果 ,而且 CPU耗时也较少 ,满足实时性处理要求。 相似文献