The operational semantics of user-defined relationships in object oriented database systems

In semantic data models, abstract relationship (e.g. generalization, aggregation, etc.) semantics are defined, specifying how insertion, deletion and modification operations made at a higher level of abstraction can affect the objects abstracted over and vice versa. These semantics, also known as structural constraints, are expressed through so-called update rules. This perspective has been somewhat lost in most object-oriented systems, where user-defined relationships are supported as simple pointers and their semantics are embedded, distributed and replicated within the operations accessing these pointers. This paper inherits and extends the treatment of relationships found in semantic data models to behavioural object-oriented models by presenting an approach to uniformly capture the update rules for user-defined relationships. The stress is not on supporting relationships as first-class objects, but on describing their update rules (or operational semantics) through a set of constructors namely, reaction, anticipation, delegation and exception. The approach has been borne out by an implementation in an active object-oriented database system.     

Models and observations of fcc/bcc interfaces

Whereas models of the structure and periodicity of CSL or near CSL high angle grain boundaries are relatively well developed and have been to some extent verified by experiment, the nature of more general (e.g. fcc/bcc) interfaces is very imperfectly understood. One of the major differences between homo- and heterophase boundaries is the occurrence, in the latter case, of reproducible orientation relationships due to the crystallographic requirements of phase transformation (e.g. a glissile interface for martensitic growth, low energy interfaces for classical nucleation). A review is given of the relationships commonly observed to obtain between fcc and bcc crystals (as well as ordered phases based upon these structures). Within a given relationship, it is possible to use models of the available interfaces to predict their dislocation content; the success of the various approaches is considered. It is shown that the dislocation arrays identified on fcc/bcc boundaries are consistent with the occurrence of a primary structural relaxation, but that the latter does not appear to be complete. Possible reasons for this are discussed, together with the extent to which secondary structural models may be applicable. Attempts to rationalize the observed orientation relationships and morphologies are discussed, and it is pointed out that these all rely on searches for situations of minimum primary misfit, but that the way in which the latter is quantified determines the results of the analyses. Nevertheless, the implication is that the primary misfit does appear to determine the actual behaviour, though no structural or mechanistic conclusions can safely be drawn from this observation.     

软式操纵系统空间定位算法研究

针对软式操纵系统各构件的空间特性,采用适当的定位算法,将三维问题简化为二维问题进行解析求解,不仅降低了计算的复杂度,而且很好的满足了精度要求.由于能够用简单的解析式表达,所以便于计算机程序实施和推广.算例证实该算法可靠、精确,具有一定的工程应用价值.     

升华再结晶法制备AIN晶须及其生长特性

以AIN粉体为原料，加入适量的CaO-B2O3矿化剂，采用升华再结晶法制备AIN晶须．初步探讨了反应器及其合成温度对产物种类的影响，研究了晶须的结构特征及其生长机理．结果表明，初期的合成产物包括AIN晶柱、晶须和非晶AIN纤维，以VLS机制生长：后期产物为AIN晶须，表现为VS生长机制：XRD及TEM分析表明，晶须大多呈现沿｛2110｝、｛101l｝和｛0001｝，l＝0、1、2、3的晶面生长．多数晶须宏观生长轴向平行于这些晶面的法线，而部分晶须由于发生斜生长，导致宏观生长轴向与这些晶面的法线斜交．     

基于机器人运动模型的EKF-SLAM算法改进

针对两轮驱动机器人运动模型定向误差的累积问题,提出改进的三轮驱动机器人运动模型,对EKF-SLAM算法的一致性进行改进;该模型通过对机器人车轮线速度的解耦运算,将机器人运动过程中的旋转角速度提取出来并作为系统的控制输入之一,从而可以直接得到各个控制时间间隔内的机器人姿态角变化,很好地避免了机器人定向误差的累积;最后,基于归一化估计方差的检验标准进行实验,验证了三轮驱动机器人运动模型有效提高了EKF-SLAM算法的一致性。     

低碳钢显微结构的EBSD表征

近年来,新开发的电子背散射衍射技术将多晶材料的显微组织、微区成分与结晶学数据分析联系起来,能对晶界类型、取向、位向差和结构及其分布进行观察、统计测定和定量分析,从而建立了晶界结构、取向和织构等与多晶材料性能的定量和半定量关系,成为现代材料研究的重要实验技术。笔者结合低碳钢生产中的一些实际问题,扼要介绍了电子背散射衍射技术中的晶体取向图在多晶材料显微结构表征中的应用。     

钢表面化学气相沉积TiC晶体的择优取向

本文用化学气相沉积(CVD)法,以TiCl_4-CH_4-H_2为原料气体,在不锈钢表面获得了致密的TiC膜.研究了TiC的成膜速度、表面形貌和晶体择优取向与沉积条什的关系.结果表明,沉积温度T_(dep),碳钛比CH_4/TiCl_4强烈地影响了TiC的成膜速度、表面形貌和晶体择优取向.CH_4/TiCl_4低时,TiC晶体的择优取向为(220):而CH_4/TiCl_4高时,TiC晶体的择优取向为(200).TiC晶体的择优取向主要取决于气氛中活性碳的平衡浓度。     

“三全育人” 格局下高校辅导员队伍角色定位与转型论析

高校围绕立德树人根本使命,正在积极构建全员全过程全方位育人格局。在此形势下,作为高校思政工作一线骨干力量的辅导员队伍面临新的角色转型,找准自己在高校"大思政"中的新定位,要成为全员育人的骨干力量,做思想政治教育和管理工作的组织者与育人资源的协调者;要成为全过程育人的融通力量,做学生全面成长的指导者与持续发展的推动者;要成为全方位育人的串联力量,做"十大"育人体系落地的终端实施者与成效评估者。在三全育人的新格局下,辅导员队伍要与校内外育人队伍一起,协同攻关、形成合力,共同推进一体化育人机制。     

一种新的基于梯度方向直方图的图像配准方法*

构建了一种新的局部梯度方向直方图,同时定义了特征点的主方向,从而提出了一种具有旋转不变性的图像配准算法.首先采用高斯加权求模技术对特征点邻域内的像素的梯度作直方图统计,确定出具有旋转不变性和抗噪性的特征点主方向;然后用主方向作角度直方图统计,确定待配准图像之间的旋转角度.根据得到的特征点信息及旋转角度定义了特征点对互信息匹配准则,这样使得新配准算法对于图像间旋转角度的范围没有限制,获得了良好的配准效果.     

热力耦合作用下Al-2.8%Cu-1.35%Li-0.11%Zr合金析出相演化和力学性能

通过TEM、HAADF-STEM和室温拉伸实验开展Al-2.8%Cu-1.35%Li-0.3%Mn-0.11%Zr合金在人工时效和蠕变时效状态下的析出相演化规律和力学性能研究。结果表明,160 ℃时效条件下,人工时效和160 MPa应力时效过程中合金中析出相数量均随时效时间的延长而增多,相同时效时间条件下应力时效状态合金T₁相数量较多,但其平均直径减小了约5~15 nm。这主要是因为外加应力增加了合金中的位错密度从而促进析出相析出。T₁相在时效析出过程中并未受外加应力的影响而沿某个方向择优析出,无明显的应力位向效应,这可能与T₁相具有更大的惯习平面变体上的形核与临界应力值有关。相比于人工时效,应力时效后合金的室温屈服强度和抗拉强度均增加,且在时效初期对屈服强度效果更为显著。